THE DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF MAXILLOFACIAL INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES CAUSATIVE AGENTS PREVALENCE AND THE CHANGES IN THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS

Abstract

To date, the issue of prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region is one of the leading unsolved problems among dental diseases. This pathology has a significant prevalence in the Republic of Belarus and in the world as a whole. The atypical clinical course of these diseases is observed with increasing frequency. There is a need for further study of the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of pathogens prevalence of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and the changes in their sensitivity to antibiotics for 2001 and 2015-2020. The results of a bacteriological study of 1209 patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region of odontogenic etiology undergoing inpatient treatment at the dental department of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital were analyzed. It has been found that over the last 19 years, a shift towards an increase in the number of methicillin-resistant isolates was revealed, which may indicate a decline in the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics as starting empirical antibiotic therapy. The sensitivity of S.aureus and S.epidermidis isolates to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides tends to decrease, the sensitivity of staphylococci to vancomycin and linezolid remains unchanged for the studied period. Streptococci have demonstrated an increase in their sensitivity to penicillins up to 100%, which indicates the rare use of these antibacterial drugs in dental hospitals. When comparing antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus spp. a tendency to the decreased sensitivity of isolates to cephalosporins of the third generation was revealed.