Emerging paradigms in pre-clinical screening models for drugs acting against diabetes: Delving into complex approaches and advancements

Abstract

Animal models play a critical role in diabetes research, aiding in the comprehension of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and the assessment of potential therapeutic interventions. These models offer numerous advantages, including the ability to induce stable hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, minimal variability, and the opportunity to study genetic mutations and single gene effects. However, they also present limitations such as lengthy induction periods, fluctuating glucose parameters, potential toxicity to other organs, and high costs. Various screening models, encompassing in vitro assays and models like Alloxan-induced and Streptozotocin-induced diabetes, serve as valuable tools for investigating diabetes and testing drug efficacy. The selection of an appropriate model requires careful consideration of specific research objectives. Despite their limitations, animal models continue to be indispensable for advancing our understanding of diabetes and developing effective treatments.