Potential health risks of long-term e-cigarette use

E. Klomparens, Yuchuan Ding
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

E-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular in recent years, especially among adolescents. Many healthcare professionals are unsure of what health consequences can be expected after long-term use of e-cigarettes. This review focuses on the currently published data of long-term e-cigarette vapor exposure in cells, animals, and humans. Most research suggests that e-cigarettes are not harmless. Increased oxidative stress from free radicals and systemic inflammation occur after weeks or months of exposure. E-cigarette vapor contains multiple known human carcinogens which are found in the serum of users, and DNA damage is seen in exposed animals. Pulmonary changes seen after months of exposure in mice are reminiscent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and human users report increased respiratory symptoms. Cardiovascular disease risk is also likely, with e-cigarette use leading to multiple pathophysiological changes and possibly associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Limitations of the current research are discussed, including the retrospective nature of most human data to date. A call for large, longitudinal prospective studies is deemed necessary to better understand the causal role of long-term e-cigarette use in chronic disease formation.
长期使用电子烟的潜在健康风险
近年来,电子烟越来越受欢迎,尤其是在青少年中。许多医疗保健专业人员不确定长期使用电子烟会带来什么健康后果。本综述的重点是目前公布的细胞、动物和人类长期接触电子烟蒸汽的数据。大多数研究表明,电子烟并非无害。自由基引起的氧化应激和全身炎症在数周或数月的暴露后会增加。电子烟蒸气中含有多种已知的人类致癌物,这些致癌物存在于使用者的血清中,在接触电子烟的动物身上可以看到DNA损伤。暴露数月后,小鼠的肺部变化令人想起慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),人类使用者报告呼吸道症状加重。电子烟的使用也可能导致心血管疾病风险,导致多种病理生理变化,并可能与心肌梗死风险增加有关。讨论了当前研究的局限性,包括迄今为止大多数人类数据的回顾性性质。为了更好地了解长期使用电子烟在慢性疾病形成中的因果作用,有必要进行大规模的纵向前瞻性研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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