Angiotensin receptor blockers and the kidney: possible advantages over ACE inhibition?

Abstract

This review deals with similarities and differences between the effects of ACE inhibitors and AT1-receptor blockers in the kidney. Specific receptor blockade has demonstrated that the beneficial effects of AT1 blockers arise from two mechanisms: the reduction of the AT1 receptor mediated response and the increase in plasma levels of Ang II through the AT1-receptor blockade, which leads to increased stimulation of the AT2 receptor (the so-called yin-yang effect). Both ACE inhibition and AT1-receptor blockade provide significant renal protection in the majority of experimental animal models of kidney diseases. AT1 receptor blockade may offer additional clinical benefits over ACE inhibitor treatment, particularly in the kidney, where AT1-receptor blockade does not cause the fall in glomerular filtration rate seen with ACE inhibitor treatment. A number of long-term clinical studies currently running should show the real value of this new class of compounds in the management of hypertension and associated cardiorenal diseases.