Leishmaniosis visceral: presentación en perros de la ciudad de Salto, Uruguay

Abstract

espanolLa leishmaniosis visceral canina, ocasionada por Leishmania infantum, es una enfermedad zoonotica cronica y endemica en algunas regiones del mundo. El ciclo biologico es complejo y participan hospedadores y vectores. Las manifestaciones clinicas se destacan por ser muy amplias y variables. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la presentacion de la leishmaniosis visceral en perros seropositivos a L. infantum en la ciudad de Salto, Uruguay. Se efectuo un muestreo en una subpoblacion de perros donde previamente se habia detectado la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania, registrandose los datos identificatorios y la evaluacion clinica. El estudio se llevo a cabo durante el periodo agosto de 2017 a marzo de 2018. La poblacion canina analizada estuvo compuesta por un 67,44% de machos, con un 55,81% de mestizos y una edad media de 4,97 anos, estando el 46,51% entre los 2 y 4 anos. Se encontro un 86% de perros con presencia de signos clinicos, entre los que se destacaron una variedad de lesiones cutaneas, el adelgazamiento, la palidez de mucosas y la linfadenomegalia. Los signos dermatologicos estuvieron representados mayormente por la dermatitis descamativa, la onicogrifosis y la hiperqueratosis nasal. Si bien se reconoce un conjunto de signos clinicos frecuentes, la variabilidad de presentacion de la leishmaniosis visceral canina conlleva a incluirla en el diagnostico diferencial de afecciones con manifestaciones compatibles, principalmente en las zonas epidemiologicamente comprometidas. Palabras clave : Leishmania infantum; Canis familiaris; Uruguay EnglishCanine visceral leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is a chronic and endemic zoonotic disease in some regions of the world. The biological cycle is complex and hosts and vectors participate. The clinical manifestations stand out for being very broad and variable. The aim of the study was to analyze the presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs seropositive to L. infantum in the city of Salto, Uruguay. A sampling was carried out in a subpopulation of dogs that had previously detected the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies and the identification data and the clinical evaluation were recorded. The study was carried out during the period from August 2017 to March 2018. The dog population analyzed was composed of 67.44% males, with 55.91% mixed race and an average age of 4.97 years, being 46.51% between 2 and 4 years. A total of 86% of dogs were found with clinical signs, including a variety of skin lesions, thinning, mucous membrane pallor and lymphadenomegaly. The dermatological signs were mainly represented by desquamative dermatitis, onychogriphosis and nasal hyperkeratosis. Although a set of frequent clinical signs is recognized, the presentation variability of canine visceral leishmaniasis leads to include it in the differential diagnosis of conditions with compatible manifestations, mainly in epidemiologically compromised areas. Key words: Leishmania infantum, Canis familiaris , Uruguay.