Barriers as determinants of innovation in Morocco: The case of Tangier-Tetouan region

Abstract

Developed, so-called "emerging" countries have strategies and policies of innovation country. However, many developing countries face difficulties in the implementation of innovation strategies. In general, the research has mainly concerned the development of innovation tools. By cons, little work has concerned the factors that prevent or inhibit the activity of innovation, known in the literature: "barriers to innovation", especially in the Arab and Muslim countries and developing countries. Our research has rightly focused on the barriers to innovation in Morocco and especially in the region of Tangier-Tetouan. The purpose of this research is to develop a model to measure the interactive effects of barriers in the innovation system. For this it was necessary to identify barriers to the innovation in the region of Tangier-Tetouan process, and investigate the interrelationships between them. The approach is based on a review of the scientific papers; analysis of available statistical data; national development documents; empirical researches and other secondary data. An in-depth study of fourteen barriers to innovation has been made with industry, teachers and students. This work can be considered, in our opinion, as the first study of the barriers to innovation in the Tangier-Tetouan region and one of the few work on this subject in Morocco. Its contribution to the conceptual level is the development of models that can be used to solve the barriers of innovation at regional and national levels.