IMPROVEMENT OF THE THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM WALLS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS OF THE SECONDARY HOUSING OF THE CITY OF SARATOV

Abstract

The technical condition of many apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in Saratov, built from 1977 to 1999, does not meet the current regulatory requirements in the field of creating optimal indoor climate parameters. The system of external thermal insulation of the "wet" type with a rigid fastening of the insulation is very common for the insulation of the external walls of these houses. It has been established that due to the fact that the masonry joints and its irregularities are not filled with mortar, the underestimated thickness of the insulation, a thin layer of the protective layer of plaster, as well as violations of the installation technology of the thermal insulation system, gaps are formed between the insulation plates and the walls, there is an access of cold air to the masonry of the walls, which leads to the appearance of condensate, freezing of walls, an increase in humidity and a decrease in the temperature of the indoor air in apartments. The penetration of cold air through the walls leads to increased heat loss, cooling of the masonry mass and a shift in the "dew point". As a result of the instrumental examination of houses, it is found that the freezing of moistened insulated walls led to an increase in their heat loss by 10-20%. An alternative system of point thermal insulation has been studied, in which the insulation boards are attached to the wall using hinged fasteners, excluding deformation and destruction of the protective plaster layer 10–20 mm thick and the insulation. The optimal thickness of the insulation brand PSB-S 25 for the climatic conditions of the city of Saratov is determined. The technology of mounting a movable thermal insulation system is improved using a deep penetration primer and glue for applying insulation to the plates, which makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure and reduce the cost of installation work. The effectiveness of the use of a movable thermal insulation system to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings of the secondary housing stock in the climatic conditions of Saratov is shown