TRANSPORT POLLUTION OF THE AIR BASIN OF URBAN CANYONS

Q4 Social Sciences
Mykola Diomin, H. Tatarchenko
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Abstract

The article deals with the problem of pollution of the air basin of urban areas, taking into account development. Emissions into the atmosphere of sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen in the absence of wind in the lower layers of the atmosphere, strong inversion, high solar activity and interaction with water vapor in the air form acids of harmful substances. The general concept of the transition to clean air in urban areas proposes to consider the systemic integrity of objects consisting of three - “human«environment« transport”. Theoretical and practical calculations of the transverse profile of dispersion of pollution from road transport in the main areas were carried out. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the propagation range of vehicle emissions (for example, nitrogen oxides) significantly exceeds the distances at which pedestrian and bicycle paths pass, and pose a danger to human health. If a highway passes through a street canyon, then specific conditions are created for the dispersion of pollutants, resulting in the creation of contrasting microclimatic zones with an increased concentration of air pollution. These data can be dozens of times higher than the normative values and concentrations of pollutants in open space. It is proposed to create low emission zones (LEZ) by promoting public transport or encouraging active modes of transport. The results obtained make it possible to determine rational and economically justified sets of measures to reduce the level of urban air pollution and rational methods of organizing traffic, taking into account the likely degree of pollution of urban areas, including canyons, in accordance with design solutions.
城市峡谷空气盆地的运输污染
本文从发展的角度出发,探讨了城市大气污染问题。向大气中排放的硫氧化物、氯化氢、氮在大气低层无风、强逆温、高太阳活动和与空气中的水蒸气相互作用形成酸等有害物质。城市地区向清洁空气过渡的总体概念建议考虑由三个方面组成的系统完整性——“人”、“环境”和“交通”。对主要地区道路运输污染扩散的横向分布进行了理论和实际计算。分析表明,车辆排放物(如氮氧化物)的传播范围大大超过行人和自行车道经过的距离,对人体健康构成威胁。如果一条高速公路穿过街道峡谷,那么就为污染物的扩散创造了特定的条件,从而产生了对比鲜明的小气候区,同时增加了空气污染的浓度。这些数据可能比开放空间污染物的正常值和浓度高几十倍。建议通过推广公共交通或鼓励积极的交通方式来创建低排放区。根据设计方案,考虑到城市地区(包括峡谷)可能的污染程度,所获得的结果使确定合理和经济上合理的降低城市空气污染水平的措施和合理的交通组织方法成为可能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Spatial Development
European Journal of Spatial Development Social Sciences-Urban Studies
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
40 weeks
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