Escaping and trapped orbits in a “bare” Seyfert 1 nucleus dynamical model

Abstract

The nature and behaviour of the orbits in a “bare” Seyfert 1 dynamical model is studied. This model is subject to external perturbation caused by nearby galaxies. Numerical calculations suggest that, when the external perturbation is high the nature of the majority of orbits change from regular to chaotic. For higher external perturbations the zero velocity curves open and a number of orbits goes to infinity. In addition to those orbits, there are orbits that do not escape at all. Theoretical evidence shows that these orbits have an additional quasi-integral of motion which is a generalization of the angular momentum of the test particle.