Asthma

DeckerMed Family Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI:10.2310/fm.4205

Haitham Nsour, A. Dixon

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Abstract

Asthma is one of the most common diseases in developed nations. A pathognomonic feature of asthma is episodic aggravations of the disease; these exacerbations can be life-threatening and contribute to a significant proportion of the public health burden of asthma. In the emergency department, successful management of asthma exacerbations requires early recognition and intervention before they become severe and potentially fatal. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes for asthma. Figures show the management of asthma exacerbations in the emergency department and hospital, pooled odds ratio comparing inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids with oral corticosteroids alone following emergency department discharge, and an asthma discharge plan at the emergency department. Tables list current asthma prevalence among selected demographic groups in the United States, risk factors for fatal asthma exacerbations, differential diagnosis of asthma exacerbations, and dosages of drugs for asthma exacerbations. This review contains 3 figures, 16 tables, and 88 references. Key Words: Asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sinus disease, breathlessness, shortness of breath

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哮喘

哮喘是发达国家最常见的疾病之一。哮喘的一个病理特征是疾病的发作性加重;这些恶化可危及生命，并造成很大比例的哮喘公共卫生负担。在急诊科，成功管理哮喘恶化需要在病情变得严重和可能致命之前进行早期识别和干预。本文综述了哮喘的病理生理、稳定和评估、诊断和治疗、处置和结局。数据显示了急诊科和医院哮喘加重的管理，比较吸入糖皮质激素和口服糖皮质激素与单独口服糖皮质激素在急诊科出院后的合并优势比，以及急诊科哮喘出院计划。表中列出了美国选定人群中当前的哮喘患病率，致死性哮喘加重的危险因素，哮喘加重的鉴别诊断，以及哮喘加重的药物剂量。本综述包含3张图，16张表，88篇参考文献。关键词:哮喘，过敏性支气管肺曲霉病，胃食管反流病，窦性疾病，呼吸困难，呼吸短促

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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DeckerMed Family Medicine

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