Renal Failure Due to Sulfadiazine Induced Calculi: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Renal calculi is a prevalent disease and has some causes described. The drug calculi origin are rare, accounting for around 1% to 2% of cases. The crystals of sulfadiazine are formed in 20% to 45% of cases, but between 0.4% and 4.5% are associated with renal failure. We present a case report and a review of the literature on diagnosis and treatment of this entity, given its rarity and specificity. Case Report: A 48-year-old male, diabetic, during treatment for acute toxoplasmosis with sulfadiazine initiated renal colic associated with renal failure. The hypothesis of drug calculation was considered, because during the diagnostic investigation of toxoplasmosis, imaging studies were performed and presented without renal calculi. Initially he was treated conservatively with hyperhydration and alpha-blocker, but since he did not present improvement in the exams, he underwent ureterolithotripsy and double j stent. Conclusion: We present a report of urinary lithiasis of pharmacological origin associated with renal insufficiency and a review of the literature.