Decade of South Ethiopian Coffee Improvement Activities at Awada Coffee Research Center

M. Gessese
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Abstract

Coffee improvement program of Ethiopia was aimed to develop widely adaptable and stable cultivars across all coffee growing regions of the country although there is a significant ecological variation that prevails between the major coffee growing regions. Assessing the feedback from users on the performance of released coffee cultivars, the national coffee research program realized the need to initiate coffee improvement programs for each coffee growing region that possessed specific coffee quality and fetch premium price in the world market. In effect, coffee improvement program was initiated for Awada Agricultural Research Center mandated to improve South Ethiopian coffee with the financial aid of the Government of Switzerland. To date about 580 arabica coffee accessions have been collected and maintained in the center in separate sets of collection and are under evaluation. Fourty-two (set I) and sixteen (set II) selections are under variety trials, twelve selections are in variety verification trial, five hybrids are under variety verification trial and four high yielding cultivars that possessed the typical quality of Yirgachefe or Sidama coffee types were released to coffee growers in the region. In this paper, coffee improvement activities, such as collection and evaluation of germplasm, variety development activities and genetic studies are reviewed.
阿瓦达咖啡研究中心南埃塞俄比亚咖啡改良活动的十年
埃塞俄比亚咖啡改良计划的目标是在该国所有咖啡种植区开发适应性广泛且稳定的品种,尽管在主要咖啡种植区之间存在显著的生态差异。国家咖啡研究计划评估了用户对发布的咖啡品种性能的反馈,意识到需要为每个咖啡种植区启动咖啡改进计划,这些咖啡种植区拥有特定的咖啡质量,并在世界市场上获得优质价格。实际上,咖啡改良计划是为阿瓦达农业研究中心发起的,该中心被授权在瑞士政府的财政援助下改善南埃塞俄比亚的咖啡。迄今为止,该中心已收集并保存了大约580件阿拉比卡咖啡制品,分装在不同的收藏品中,目前正在进行评估。42个品种(第一组)和16个品种(第二组)正在进行品种试验,12个品种正在进行品种验证试验,5个杂交品种正在进行品种验证试验,4个具有Yirgachefe或Sidama咖啡典型品质的高产品种已向该地区的咖啡种植者发布。本文综述了咖啡种质资源的收集与评价、品种开发和遗传研究等方面的改良活动。
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