Environmental sensitive road planning and transportation techniques in forest engineering

Abstract

Environmental sensitive road planning and transportation techniques in forest engineering Abstract:  Forestry management has activities dealing with technical, economic, social and environmental services. Forestry operations which are carried out on forest areas , an important part of the ecosistem are materialized in open space. This forestry activities on large areas  and high sloping generally, include many different techniques. It is needed primarily to the forest road network in terms of forest management. Determining the approriate route in the natural environment, planning and road construction affairs for forest roads which are necessary accessing in forest areas, is also of great importance from an environmental viewpoint as well as technical and economic  manner. Forest road planning which can not be changed later and left a permanent mark on the natural environment carries much more importance to the environment especially on sloping land. This is because, it is important choosing correct type of roaf structure, and doing periodic maintenance of the roads. Skidding activities, after wood production, is important in terms of its impact on forest soil and by means of effects on saplings and trees on the releated forest areas.The development of environmental sensitive techniques is difficult, limited or expensive for this wood extraction works which are made more difficult conditons in the sloping terrain. Therefore, especially in using some silvicultural methods wood extraction damages are even greater. In this study; some road planning, road construction and wood extraction techniques which performed by me have been made to examine the environmental aspects. Environment-friendly forest roads and primary transport techniques on the forest ecosystem are briefly explained and discussed in the frame of the environmental aspects. Keywords:  Forestry operations, environment-friendly forest road planning and transport techniques, sensitivite forestry, forest engineering Orman muhendisliginde cevreye duyarli yol planlama ve transport teknikleri Ozet:  Orman isletmeciligi teknik, ekonomik, sosyal ve cevresel etkilere sahip cesitli faaliyetlerden olusmaktadir. Ekosistemin onemli bir parcasi olan orman alanlari uzerinde gerceklestirilen ormancilik operasyonlari acik alan isletmeciligi seklindedir. Genis alanlar uzerinde ve genelde egimli arazide yapilan bu ormancilik calismalari cok degisik teknikleri icermektedir. Orman isletmeciliginde yapilacak isler icin oncelikle orman yol agina ihtiyac bulunmaktadir. Orman alanlarina ulasimda gerekli orman yollari icin dogal ortamda en dogru guzergahi belirleme, planlama ve yol insaati calismalari teknik ve ekonomik oldugu kadar cevresel acidan da buyuk oneme sahiptir. Sonradan degistirilemeyecek ve dogal ortamda kalici iz birakan orman yol planlamasi ozellikle egimli arazide cevre acisindan cok daha fazla onem tasir. Yine dogru sanat yapisi tipi secimi ile periyodik yol bakimlari da onemlidir. Ulkemizde her yil yapilan odun uretimi sirasinda dogal zemin uzerinde gerceklestirilecek surutme calismalari da ormanda kalan fidan ve agaclar ile orman topragi uzerinde yapmis oldugu etki acisindan onem tasir. Egimli arazide daha guc yapilan bu bolmeden cikarma isleri icin cevreye duyarli tekniklerin gelistirilmesi cok sik ve kolay olmayip zor, kisitli ve pahalidir. Bu itibarla ozellikle siper ve secme isletmelerinde bolmeden cikarma zararlari daha da fazladir. Bu calismada; tarafimdan gerceklestirilen bazi yol planlamasi, yol insaati ve bolmeden cikarma tekniklerinin cevresel acilardan irdelenmesi yapilmistir. Orman ekosistemi uzerinde cevreye dost orman yol ve primer transport teknikleri kisaca anlatilarak cevresel acilardan tartisilmistir. Anahtar kelimeler:  Ormancilik operasyonlari, cevreye dost yol planlama-transport teknikleri, hassas ormancilik, orman muhendisligi Received (Gelis):  11.08.2015 -  Revised (Duzeltme):  25.08.2015 - Accepted (Kabul):  10.09.2015 Cite (Atif):  Acar, H.H. 2016. Environmental sensitive road planning and transportation techniques in forest engineering.  Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University  66(2): 710-726. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.79204