Inventory of Arthropods on the Soil Surface in Chili Plant Ecosystems Cultivated by IPM

R. Thei
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Abstract

Chili (Capsicum sp. ) is a strategic commodity with high economic value in Indonesia. Pest control on chili plants generally uses synthetic chemical insecticides which can reduce the diversity of arthropods. Reduced diversity of food sources for natural enemies can increase pest populations. The objectives of this study were to determine the abundance and diversity of arthropods in the chili plant ecosystem with integrated pest management (IPM). The observation area was 6 acres. Sampling was carried out in August-October 2020 in Jagaraga Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia, on chili fields using the IPM technique, namely a combination of the use of pheromone and botanical insecticides and non-IPM cultivation techniques using chemical insecticides, and carried out using the Yellow Pan Trap and Pitfall Trap. Observations were conducted on the generative growth stages of the chili plants. Results indicated that 612 ground surface arthropods were recorded in chili plots using the IPM technique representing 41 species, 24 families and 10 orders. The order Collembola, which acts as a decomposer was the most abundant (42.81% of the total collected arthropods), followed by Hymenoptera (28.92%), and Diplopoda (12.25%). Analysis of functional groups showed that the species richness of arthropods in IPM plots was higher than that of non-IPM. On IPM plot, almost all functional groups were found, namely predators (18 species), decomposers (11 species), parasitoids (1), and pest of 11 species. The high number of predator species in IPM chili fields indicates the large number of niches available and the abundance of prey for predators to colonize. The order Hymenoptera is the most abundant predator group collected from the chili field with IPM system. The Shannon index value of arthropods on the IPM plot of 2,887 indicates that the chili ecosystem with IPM was a fairly stable habitat, the natural control mechanism was going well. Every agronomic action carried out should be able to preserve and increase the carrying capacity of the environment so that it can support the development of organisms for sustainable stability.
IPM栽培辣椒植物生态系统土壤表面节肢动物调查
辣椒(Capsicum sp.)是印尼具有较高经济价值的战略商品。辣椒害虫防治一般采用合成化学杀虫剂,可减少节肢动物的多样性。天敌食物来源多样性的减少会增加害虫的数量。本研究旨在通过害虫综合防治(IPM)确定辣椒植物生态系统中节肢动物的丰度和多样性。观测面积为6英亩。2020年8月至10月,在印度尼西亚西龙目岛Jagaraga村使用IPM技术(即使用信息素和植物杀虫剂与使用化学杀虫剂的非IPM栽培技术相结合)对辣椒田进行了抽样,并使用了黄盘陷阱和陷阱陷阱。对辣椒植株的生殖生长阶段进行了观察。结果表明,利用IPM技术在辣椒地共记录到地面节肢动物612种,隶属于10目24科41种。分解者弹虫目数量最多(42.81%),其次为膜翅目(28.92%)和双足目(12.25%)。功能基分析表明,有保护措施的节肢动物物种丰富度高于无保护措施的节肢动物。在IPM样地上发现了几乎所有的功能类群,即捕食者(18种)、分解者(11种)、拟寄生物(1种)和有害生物(11种)。IPM辣椒地捕食物种数量多,表明有大量的生态位和丰富的猎物供捕食者殖民。膜翅目是利用IPM系统在辣椒地采集到的最丰富的捕食类群。IPM样地节肢动物香农指数为2887,表明IPM辣椒生态系统是一个较为稳定的生境,自然调控机制良好。所采取的每一项农业行动都应能够保护和增加环境的承载能力,使其能够支持生物的发展,以实现可持续的稳定。
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