First Record of Graphoglyptids in Cyprus: Indicative Presence of Turbidite Deposits at the Pakhna Formation

Abstract

Abstract Ichnological analysis at the Pakhna Formation (Miocene, Cyprus) reveals, for the first time, the presence of graphoglyptid structures. The Pakhna Formation is dominated by pelagic/hemipelagic sediments, together with contourite, reworked turbidite and turbidite facies. Thus, a complex interaction between pelagic, bottom-current and gravitational sedimentation is envisaged. The discernment of facies is sometimes difficult, based principally on stratigraphic and microfacies features. The record of Helminthorhaphe as a component of the graphoglytid group supports the presence of turbidites, facilitating their differentiation from the other facies. Nereites ichnofacies, punctuating a dominant/background Zoophycos ichnofacies, would reflect changes in paleoenvironmental conditions. This record offers significant perspectives to advance in the study of bottom-current and gravitational processes through outcrop examples.