Wartime Commercial Policy and Trade between Enemies

IF 4.8 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

International Security Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI:10.1162/isec_a_00412

Mariya Grinberg

引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract Why do states trade with their enemies during war? States make deliberate choices when setting their wartime commercial policies, and tailoring policies to match the type of war the states are expecting to fight. Specifically, states seek to balance two goals–maximizing revenue from continued trade during the war and minimizing the ability of the opponent to benefit militarily from trade. As a result, states trade with the enemy in (1) products that their opponents take a long time to convert into military capability, and (2) products that are essential to the domestic economy. Furthermore, states revise their wartime commercial policies based on how well they are doing on the battlefield. An analysis of British wartime commercial policy in World War I finds that a product's conversion time into military capabilities determines if and when that product will be prohibited from trade during the war. Alternatively, domestic political pressures play only a marginal role in wartime commercial policy decisions.

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战时商业政策与敌国间贸易

为什么国家会在战争期间与敌人进行贸易?各州在制定战时商业政策时，会做出深思熟虑的选择，并根据各州预期的战争类型来调整政策。具体来说，国家寻求平衡两个目标——在战争期间从持续的贸易中获得最大的收入，并最小化对手从贸易中获得军事利益的能力。因此，国家与敌人进行贸易的产品(1)是对手需要很长时间才能转化为军事能力的产品，(2)是对国内经济至关重要的产品。此外，各州根据自己在战场上的表现修改战时商业政策。对第一次世界大战期间英国战时商业政策的分析发现，一种产品转化为军事能力的时间决定了该产品在战争期间是否以及何时被禁止贸易。另外，国内政治压力在战时商业政策决策中只起着微不足道的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Security Social Sciences-Law

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

10.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： International Security publishes lucid, well-documented essays on the full range of contemporary security issues. Its articles address traditional topics of war and peace, as well as more recent dimensions of security, including environmental, demographic, and humanitarian issues, transnational networks, and emerging technologies. International Security has defined the debate on US national security policy and set the agenda for scholarship on international security affairs for more than forty years. The journal values scholarship that challenges the conventional wisdom, examines policy, engages theory, illuminates history, and discovers new trends. Readers of IS discover new developments in: The causes and prevention of war U.S.-China relations Great power politics Ethnic conflict and intra-state war Terrorism and insurgency Regional security in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America U.S. foreign and defense policy International relations theory Diplomatic and military history Cybersecurity and defense technology Political economy, business, and security Nuclear proliferation.