Efecto de la aplicación de biofertilizantes sobre el rendimiento de maíz en parcelas con y sin cobertura vegetal

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the application of biofertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi and organic foliar fertilizer) and a cover crop (CC) (nescafe beans) on maize yield under field conditions and management practices of producers of corn. The study was conducted in the spring-summer season, under seasonal conditions in the Ejido La Bella Ilusión, Municipality of Maravilla Tenejapa, Chiapas, Mexico. Seven plots were selected for the cultivation of corn, of which three had antecedents of cover crop with nescafe beans ( Mucuna deerengiana Merr) and four without cover. In each of the plots an experimental area of 1500 m 2 was plotted and evaluated: 1) the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza, 2) the application of a foliar fertilizer, 3) the combined application of mycorrhiza-foliar, and 4) control without inoculation or foliar application, under a completely randomized block design. Previous use of CC had a positive effect on corn yield (4213.7 kg ha –1 ; p = 0.013) which was significantly higher in the treatment inoculated with mycorrhiza, differing by more than 1000 kg ha –1 with regarding the witness in some cases. The levels of mycorrhizal colonization were high and no effect of application of foliar fertilizer on maize yield was observed. The effect of the background crop history and the inoculation with mycorrhizae was evident in the yield of