Analysis of Trace Metal Concentration in Rainwater Samples Collected from Spatially Separated Coastal Cities Facing the South China Sea in Northern Sarawak, Borneo

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI:10.5572/ajae.2021.076

MV Krishnan Ninu, MV Prasanna, H Vijith

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Abstract

A comparative analysis of trace metal (Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni and Co) concentration and physical parameters (pH, EC, TDS and DO) in rainwater samples collected from two major coastal cities in Malaysian Borneo (Sarawak state) were determined in the present research. Cumulative monthly rainwater samples were collected from the Limbang city and Miri city during October 2016–September 2017. Rainwater collected from the Limbang city shows slightly alkaline nature with a mean pH≥6.07 whereas the rainwater in Miri city is acidic(mean pH = 5.35). Trace metal concentration in rainwater collected from both locations shows slight variation. Mean concentration of trace metals in rainwater samples follows the decreasing order of Fe>Ni>Pb>Mn> Co>Cu>Zn>Cd and Fe>Ni>Pb>Mn>Zn>Co>Cu>Cd in Limbang city and Miri city respectively. Among the trace metals, Fe (1.09 and 0.98 mg/L) and Ni (0.15 and 0.13 mg/L) shows the highest mean concentration in rainwater samples collected from both locations and maximum concentration of trace metals are observed in rainwater samples collected from the Limbang city. Pearson’s correlation test explained the inter-relationship between the parameters whereas the factor analysis confirmed the contributing sources of trace metals (anthropogenic activities such as pollution from vehicles, petrochemical industries, forest biomass burning and dust particles from exposed land area) and its variation in the rainwater samples by showing a total variance of 80.18% with three factor components in the Limbang city and a variance of 93.11% with four factor components in Miri city. High Pb/Zn ratio also indicates the strong influence of anthropogenic activities present in the region. Backward air mass trajectory analysis supports the findings by indicating a contribution from combined marine and crustal sources of air mass trajectories reaching the sampling locations and is heavily controlled by prevailing monsoon characteristics of the region. Overall, it can be concluded that, the major source of trace metals in rainwater in this region is contributed by anthropogenic processes operated in the region.

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婆罗洲沙捞越北部面向南中国海、空间上相互分离的沿海城市收集的雨水样本中的痕量金属浓度分析

本研究测定了从马来西亚婆罗洲（沙捞越州）两大沿海城市收集的雨水样本中痕量金属（铜、铅、铁、锰、锌、镉、镍和钴）浓度和物理参数（pH 值、EC 值、TDS 值和溶解氧）的比较分析。在 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 9 月期间，从林邦市和美里市收集了每月累积雨水样本。从林邦市采集的雨水呈弱碱性，平均 pH 值≥6.07，而米里市的雨水呈酸性（平均 pH 值 = 5.35）。两地雨水中的痕量金属浓度略有不同。林邦市和美里市雨水样本中微量金属的平均浓度依次为 Fe>Ni>Pb>Mn> Co>Cu>Zn>Cd 和 Fe>Ni>Pb>Mn>Zn>Co>Cu>Cd。在微量金属中，两地收集的雨水样本中铁（1.09 和 0.98 mg/L）和镍（0.15 和 0.13 mg/L）的平均浓度最高，林邦市收集的雨水样本中微量金属浓度最高。皮尔逊相关性检验解释了各参数之间的相互关系，而因子分析则证实了痕量金属的来源（人为活动，如车辆污染、石化工业、森林生物质燃烧和暴露土地上的尘埃粒子）及其在雨水样本中的变化，林邦市的总方差为 80.18%，包含三个因子成分；美里市的总方差为 93.11%，包含四个因子成分。高铅/锌比值也表明了该地区人为活动的强烈影响。后向气团轨迹分析表明，到达采样地点的气团轨迹来自海洋和地壳的综合来源，并在很大程度上受该地区季风特征的控制。总之，可以得出结论，该地区雨水中痕量金属的主要来源是该地区的人为过程。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.