Moral reasoning in medical ethics.

Abstract

Advances in biology and medicine challenge medical professionals in a new sense. Considering issues from a strictly clinical case oriented approach means that the nature of patient's clinical situation has been correctly apprehended. Since the medical decisions rely upon externally imposed constraints, whereas ethics functions as self-imposed constraints, the medical routine might come into conflict with patient needs. Values are aspects of truth and therefore are not relative. Pure questions of value as distinct from questions of fact refer to questions of how the humanistic, interpersonal or emphatic aspects of medicine reflect what to another person means the difference between utilitarian and deontological action guided prospective. Morality is not rooted only in reason, but in moral reason, so it is important to grasp how social impact of responsibility, duty and obligation affect citizens who do not want to be passive consumers of a new medical routine any more.