Test mode effect: Sources, detection, and applications

Abstract

: Test mode effect (TME) refers to the difference in test function caused by the administration of the same test in different test modes. The existence of TME will have an impact on test fairness, selection criteria and test equating, so it is of great significance to accurately detect and interpret TME. By systematically sorting out the source, detection (including the experimental design and detection methods) and research results of TME, the methodology of TME research is comprehensively demonstrated. Further interpretation of the TME model, expansion of the test modes in TME research, and application of TME research results to large-scale educational assessment programs in China, are important future development directions in the field of TME.