Patrones de consumo de alcohol y percepciones de riesgo en estudiantes mexicanos

Abstract

espanolEl consumo de alcohol constituye un problema socio-sanitario del que derivan consecuencias negativas en toda la poblacion, en especial en el colectivo juvenil. El estudio plantea como objetivo el analizar las actitudes, motivaciones y percepcion de riesgo de consumo de alcohol, en funcion del patron de consumo y del riesgo de consumo perjudicial. Para ello, se han seleccionado 1260 estudiantes mexicanos (573 de Puebla y 687 de Merida), con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 14 y los 25 anos (M = 18.84, DE = 2.43). Se ha hallado que los consumidores frecuentes representan el 55.1% de la muestra, siendo un 5.3% consumidores problematicos y reportando este grupo mayores sintomas de dependencia y consumo abusivo. En ambas subpoblaciones se constata que quienes no consumen alcohol presentan mayores actitudes de resistencia y percepciones de riesgo y menores actitudes de permisividad. Se obtuvo que tanto los hombres como las mujeres no consumidores muestran mayores actitudes de resistencia y percepciones de riesgo, de modo que las mujeres consumidoras reportan actitudes de permisividad. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y su potencialidad para el diseno e implementacion de programas de prevencion primaria en el ambito socioeducativo. EnglishAlcohol consumption constitutes a social and health problem from which multiple negative consequences derive throughout the population, especially in the youth group. The objective of this study is to analyze the attitudes, motivations and perception of risk of alcohol consumption, based on the pattern of consumption and the risk of harmful consumption. For this, 1,260 Mexican students have been selected (573 from the city of Puebla and 687 from the city of Merida), with an age range between 14 and 25 years (M = 18.84, SD = 2.43). It has been found that frequent users represent 55.1% of the sample, 5.3% being problem users, this group being the one that reported the greatest symptoms of dependence and abusive consumption. In both subpopulations of young people it is found that those who do not consume alcohol present greater attitudes of resistance and perceptions of risk, and less attitudes of permissiveness. It was found that both men and women not consumer show greater attitudes of resistance and perception of risk, so that women who drink report attitudes of permissiveness. The implications of these results and their potential for the design and implementation of primary prevention programs in the socio-educational field are discussed.