The Role of Smoke Detectors and Carbon Monoxide Detectors in the Fire Safety of Residential Buildings

Urszula Garlińska, Marta Iwańska, R. Śliwiński, Paweł Florek
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects of using smoke and carbon monoxide detectors intended for households or similar residential facilities as well as to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted system solutions that affect the number of detectors installed in this kind of buildings. The article aims to present the issues related to the Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), i.e. newly developed market qualification, dedicated to installers and maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Introduction: Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors for early detection of existing threats such as fires or escaping carbon monoxide are an important element of fire protection, dedicated primarily to owners of residential buildings. In many countries in the EU it is obligatory to install detectors in homes, whereas at the moment in Poland the only aspect regulated legally is the obligation of the manufacturer of these products to obtain a certificate. Since 2016, the ZSK has been operating in Poland, in which in 2019 the qualifications of installers/maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors were distinguished. As a result, a person with a market qualification certificate is prepared for independent installation and maintenance of fire safety monitoring devices Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Germany and France were analysed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the installation of the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shows how different the ap- proach is regarding the use of this type of devices. Depending on experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative, can be discerned in the use of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. ZSK is a well-described system of formal organization and classification of competences and offers the public services at the highest possible quality level. It is also a partial solution to the problem of installing detectors. However, it is necessary to regulate this issue from the legal level, as it was the case in other EU countries, where the installation of detectors in homes is obligatory. Such action will contribute to reducing the victims of fires or inhalation of toxic gases (carbon monoxide) Keywords: Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), smoke alarm detector, electrical apparatus for the detection of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, residential buildings Type of article: review article
烟雾探测器和一氧化碳探测器在住宅建筑消防安全中的作用
目的:本出版物的目的是介绍使用用于家庭或类似住宅设施的烟雾和一氧化碳探测器的最重要方面,并指出所采用的系统解决方案的优点和缺点,这些解决方案会影响在此类建筑物中安装探测器的数量。本文旨在介绍与综合资格体系(ZSK)相关的问题,即新开发的市场资格,专门用于烟雾和一氧化碳探测器的安装和维护技术人员。简介:烟雾和一氧化碳探测器用于早期检测现有的威胁,如火灾或逃逸一氧化碳,是消防的重要组成部分,主要用于住宅建筑的业主。在欧盟的许多国家,在家中安装探测器是强制性的,而目前在波兰,法律规定的唯一方面是这些产品的制造商有义务获得证书。自2016年以来,ZSK一直在波兰运营,其中2019年对烟雾和一氧化碳探测器的安装/维护技术人员的资格进行了区分。方法:作为研究过程的一部分,使用了理论研究,如:文献和法律文件分析,综合,概括,推理,比较和类比。作为研究的一部分,研究人员分析了来自波兰、英国(主要是英格兰)、德国和法国等国的文件。个别国家的选择是根据一个特定国家这些系统的发展水平和源文件的可得性来指导的。结论:对安装烟雾和一氧化碳探测器的要求进行的分析表明,关于使用这类装置的方法有多么不同。根据某一国家的经验和行政结构,在使用烟雾和一氧化碳探测器时可以看出各种各样的法规,无论是法律的还是规范性的。ZSK是一个描述良好的正式组织和能力分类系统,提供尽可能高质量的公共服务。这也部分解决了安装探测器的问题。然而,有必要从法律层面规范这个问题,就像其他欧盟国家的情况一样,在家里安装探测器是强制性的。这样的行动将有助于减少火灾的受害者或吸入有毒气体(一氧化碳)关键字:综合资格体系(ZSK),烟雾报警器,一氧化碳检测电气设备,一氧化碳,住宅建筑文章类型:评论文章
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