Adaptation and validation of the Indonesian version of the FRAIL scale and the SARC-F in older adults

Abstract

Objective. To adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the FRAIL scale (Ina-FRAIL) and the SARC-F (Ina-SARC-F). Methods. The Ina-FRAIL and the Ina-SARC-F were developed through forwards-backwards translation, and their validity (itemtotal item correlations), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), and test-retest reliability (kappa statistic) were determined. The diagnostic performance of the Ina-FRAIL and the Ina-SARC-F was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results. A total of 101 (57 men and 44 women) and 64 (23 men and 41 women) patients were included in the validation of the Ina-FRAIL scale and the Ina-SARC-F, respectively. For the Ina-FRAIL scale, internal consistency coefficient was 0.530, and test-retest reliability was 0.951 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the total score and items of fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight were 0.503, 0.813, 0.679, 0.561, and 0.317, respectively (all p<0.001). Correlation between the Ina-FRAIL scale and the Cardiovascular Health Study was strong (rs=0.696, p<0.001). Using the cut-off value of ≥2, the diagnostic performance of the Ina-FRAIL was 80% sensitivity and 70.4% specificity. For the Ina-SARC-F, internal consistency was 0.851, and test-retest reliability was 1.00 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the total score and items of strength, ambulation, rising, climbing, and falls were 0.646, 0.775, 0.653, 0.685, and 0.580, respectively (all r>0.361 and p<0.001). Using the cut-off value of ≥3, the diagnosis performance of the Ina-SARC-F was 100% sensitivity and 61.7% specificity. Conclusions. The Ina-FRAIL scale and the Ina-SARC-F are valid and reliable tools to screen for frailty syndrome and sarcopenia, respectively.