S. Ravagni, C. Bidini, E. Bianchetto, Angelo Vitone, F. Pelleri
{"title":"Cultivation techniques in a 34 years old farming oak (Quercus robur L.) plantation in the Arno valley (Tuscany)","authors":"S. Ravagni, C. Bidini, E. Bianchetto, Angelo Vitone, F. Pelleri","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1124","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This report aims to provide a description of the cultivation techniques adopted at the oldest oak pure plantation (age 34) established within the environmental restoration plan of soil dumps at the Santa Barbara ENEL Company opencast mine in Cavriglia (AR). The goals of the initial plan, following which the plantation was carried out, were to (i) verify the possibility of restoring the soil dump by using tree farming plantations and produce a range of valuable timber assortments; (ii) test the growth potential of the oak species in a pure plantation. The plantation, carried out with a stem density of 1,111 trees per hectare, was managed by targeted practices (pruning up to the stem height of 4-5 m and then undertaking four thinnings). A geometric-selective thinning was applied first and, later, periodical thinning from above was implemented, releasing, as a result, about 70 crop trees per hectare. In the meanwhile, it was possible to monitor the growth parameters concerning dbh, tree height and crown diameter. The stem quality and the presence of epicormic branches were evaluated in 2013 and the relationship between the presence of epicormic branches and tree characteristics were also analyzed. The wood production was compared with other European plantations, especially from France. Today, 34 years after the plantation got started, the site is an interesting case-study of tree farming as it plays a consistent role within the environmental restoration of the area. The applied management system allowed to reach a noticeable wood production level andalso valuable timber assortments for industrial use. Crop trees (70 per hectare) reached a mean dbh of 38.1 cm, the height of 22.3 m at the age of 34.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1124","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
This report aims to provide a description of the cultivation techniques adopted at the oldest oak pure plantation (age 34) established within the environmental restoration plan of soil dumps at the Santa Barbara ENEL Company opencast mine in Cavriglia (AR). The goals of the initial plan, following which the plantation was carried out, were to (i) verify the possibility of restoring the soil dump by using tree farming plantations and produce a range of valuable timber assortments; (ii) test the growth potential of the oak species in a pure plantation. The plantation, carried out with a stem density of 1,111 trees per hectare, was managed by targeted practices (pruning up to the stem height of 4-5 m and then undertaking four thinnings). A geometric-selective thinning was applied first and, later, periodical thinning from above was implemented, releasing, as a result, about 70 crop trees per hectare. In the meanwhile, it was possible to monitor the growth parameters concerning dbh, tree height and crown diameter. The stem quality and the presence of epicormic branches were evaluated in 2013 and the relationship between the presence of epicormic branches and tree characteristics were also analyzed. The wood production was compared with other European plantations, especially from France. Today, 34 years after the plantation got started, the site is an interesting case-study of tree farming as it plays a consistent role within the environmental restoration of the area. The applied management system allowed to reach a noticeable wood production level andalso valuable timber assortments for industrial use. Crop trees (70 per hectare) reached a mean dbh of 38.1 cm, the height of 22.3 m at the age of 34.
本报告旨在描述在Cavriglia (AR) Santa Barbara ENEL公司露天矿山的土壤垃圾场环境恢复计划中建立的最古老的橡树纯种植园(34岁)所采用的种植技术。最初计划的目标是(i)核实利用树木种植种植园恢复土壤倾倒的可能性,并生产一系列有价值的木材品种;(ii)在纯人工林中测试橡树的生长潜力。该人工林的茎密度为每公顷1111棵,采用有针对性的做法进行管理(修剪至茎高4-5米,然后进行四次修剪)。首先采用几何选择性间伐,然后从上面进行定期间伐,结果每公顷释放约70棵作物树。同时,还可以监测胸径、树高和冠径等生长参数。对2013年的树干质量和外生枝的存在进行了评价,并分析了外生枝的存在与树木特性的关系。木材产量与其他欧洲种植园,特别是来自法国的种植园进行了比较。今天,在种植园开始34年后,该基地是一个有趣的树木种植案例研究,因为它在该地区的环境恢复中起着持续的作用。应用的管理系统允许达到显著的木材生产水平和有价值的木材分类用于工业用途。作物树(70棵/公顷)34岁时平均胸径38.1 cm,树高22.3 m。