Is There a Doctrine of "Collective Retribution" in the Hebrew Bible?

Abstract

It is generally recognized that the documents of the Hebrew Bible imply a progression in the role and value of the individual and some strengthening of individuality within the various types of Israelite society. The relationship between God and creation makes the distinction between divine and human retribution crucial. In the Hebrew Bible there are a number of passages showing that divine collective retribution was not dictated by a doctrine or a principle but by special circumstances. David's attitude is highly significant for an assessment of the concept of collective retribution. The prohibition of collective punishment in Deut 24: 16 is crucial in distinguishing between the divine and the human administration of justice. For Hebrew religion, the personal relationship between God and the chosen people is cardinal, although God is transcendent and completely different from the world and human beings.Keywords: David; divine collective retribution; Hebrew Bible; Israelite society