Effect of Phosphogypsum Amendment on Chemical Properties of Sodic Soils at Different Incubation Periods

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied and Environmental Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI:10.1155/2022/9097994

Haile Hasana, S. Beyene, Alemayehu Kifilu, S. Kidanu

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

The application of phosphogypsum (PG) on sodic soils provides nutrients to the soil, reduces the toxic effect of Na+, and improves soil properties. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of PG on the chemical properties of sodic soils. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments included 0% GR (control), 50% GR (28.18 g·kg−1), 100% GR (56.37 g·kg−1), 150% GR (84.50 g·kg−1), and 200% GR (112.74 g·kg−1) rates that were thoroughly mixed with soil under incubation, whereas PG was mixed with topsoil before leaching at the same application rates under the leaching experiment. Soil and leachate samples from each pot were collected in 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days and subjected to spectrometric analysis. Results indicated that there was a highly significant ( p < 0.001 ) effect on soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), available P, exchangeable Na+, and Ca+2 under 35-day incubation compared with control. In a closed incubation system, most of the nutrients were released after 7 days of incubation and inconstantly released after 14 days of incubation. Furthermore, the removal of Na+ and SAR increased in initial leachate collection and decreased with the subsequent application of irrigation water (PV). Because of the high contents of Ca+2 released from PG and the residual effect of H2SO4, soil pH and ESP were rapidly reduced compared with control. Post leachate analysis also revealed that available P and extractable S-SO4−2 were significantly ( p < 0.001 ) increased in soil solutions. However, available P was decreased during incubations compared with the value of post leachate analysis. During a closed incubation, displaced Na+ replaces Ca+2 on exchange sites, resulting in increased Ca-P precipitation. Thus, the combined application of PG and irrigation water in 7 to 14 days would allow chemical reaction with the soils and reduce sodicity problems to crop planting.

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磷石膏改良剂对不同培养期苏打土化学性质的影响

磷石膏（PG）在苏打土上的施用为土壤提供了养分，减少了Na+的毒性作用，改善了土壤性质。进行了室内实验，以评估PG对苏打土化学性质的影响。治疗采用完全随机设计，共5次重复。治疗包括0%GR（对照组）、50%GR（28.18 g·kg−1），100%GR（56.37 g·kg−1），150%GR（84.50 g·kg−1）和200%GR（112.74 g·kg−1）在培养条件下与土壤充分混合，而PG在浸出前以相同的施用速率与表层土混合。在第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天和第35天收集每个罐子的土壤和渗滤液样本，并进行光谱分析。结果表明，与对照相比，培养35天对土壤pH、可交换钠百分比（ESP）、有效磷、可交换Na+和Ca+2的影响非常显著（p＜0.001）。在封闭的培养系统中，大多数营养物质在培养7天后释放，在培养14天后不稳定地释放。此外，Na+和SAR的去除在最初的渗滤液收集中增加，并随着随后灌溉水（PV）的应用而减少。由于PG释放的Ca+2含量高，加上H2SO4的残留作用，与对照相比，土壤pH和ESP迅速降低。渗滤液后分析还显示，土壤溶液中的有效磷和可提取的S-SO4−2显著增加（P＜0.001）。然而，与渗滤液后分析的值相比，在培养过程中有效磷降低。在封闭培养过程中，置换的Na+取代了交换位点上的Ca+2，导致Ca-P沉淀增加。因此，在7至14天内联合施用PG和灌溉水将允许与土壤发生化学反应，并减少作物种植的钠化问题。

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来源期刊

Applied and Environmental Soil Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： Applied and Environmental Soil Science is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes research and review articles in the field of soil science. Its coverage reflects the multidisciplinary nature of soil science, and focuses on studies that take account of the dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of processes in soil. Basic studies of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of soil, innovations in soil analysis, and the development of statistical tools will be published. Among the major environmental issues addressed will be: -Pollution by trace elements and nutrients in excess- Climate change and global warming- Soil stability and erosion- Water quality- Quality of agricultural crops- Plant nutrition- Soil hydrology- Biodiversity of soils- Role of micro- and mesofauna in soil