The first fossil record of a giant horsetail (Equisetum, Equisetaceae) is from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina

IF 0.9 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY
Maria C. Zamaloa, Elina Cornou, M. Martínez, M. Quattrocchio, D. Olivera, C. Zavala, Marcos Asensio
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

A Miocene macroflora recovered from Ñirihuau Formation sediments exposed at Quebrada Vera site in northwesterern Patagonia, Argentina, is recorded and described for the first time. The assemblage is composed exclusively of free-sporing plants, mainly by Equisetum remains with subordinate occurrences of four fern morphotypes (represented by bi-, tri- and pinnate fronds). Equisetum imprints and molds include distinctive jointed stems with whorls of linear and basally fused leaves, numerous scars of lateral branches arranged in a radially symmetrical pattern situated at the nodes, and nodal diaphragms of up to 4 cm in diameter. The large size and regular branching of the stems link the fossils to the South American giant members of the genus and they probably represent a new fossil species. This is the first conclusive fossil record of a giant Equisetum worldwide, and consequently, it is biogeographically and evolutionarily relevant. The new findings attest that members of the giant horsetail clade were components of the Patagonian vegetation in the Miocene, implying that the age of the clade must predate that estimated from morphological and/or molecular data. The plant fossil assemblage represents part of a wetland community probably growing close to a riverside or lakeshore in coincidence with previous sedimentological estimates.
最早的巨型马尾化石记录来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚中新世
首次记录和描述了从阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚西北部Quebrada Vera遗址暴露的ñirihuau组沉积物中发现的中新世大型植物群。该组合仅由游离孢子植物组成,主要由木贼遗骸组成,具有四种蕨类形态类型(以复叶、三叶和羽状叶为代表)的从属分布。木贼的印记和模具包括独特的有节茎,茎上有线形和基部融合的叶轮生,在节处有许多以径向对称模式排列的侧枝疤痕,以及直径高达4厘米的节隔膜。茎的大尺寸和规则分支将化石与该属的南美巨型成员联系在一起,它们可能代表了一个新的化石物种。这是世界上第一个关于巨型木贼的确凿化石记录,因此,它在生物地理和进化上都具有相关性。新发现证明,巨型马尾分支的成员是中新世巴塔哥尼亚植被的组成部分,这意味着该分支的年龄必须早于根据形态学和/或分子数据估计的年龄。植物化石组合代表了湿地群落的一部分,可能生长在河边或湖岸附近,与之前的沉积学估计一致。
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来源期刊
Andean Geology
Andean Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal publishes original and review articles on geology and related sciences, in Spanish or English, in three issues a year (January, May and September). Articles or notes on major topics of broad interest in Earth Sciences dealing with the geology of South and Central America and Antarctica, and particularly of the Andes, are welcomed. The journal is interested in publishing thematic sets of papers and accepts articles dealing with systematic Paleontology only if their main focus is the chronostratigraphical, paleoecological and/or paleogeographical importance of the taxa described therein.
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