Reforming Allied Authoritarian States: The Failure of United States Democracy Promotion in Egypt before the ‘Arab Spring’

IF 0.3 3区 社会学 Q2 HISTORY
R. Pee
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article analyses the failure of American democracy promotion in Egypt before and during the 2011 Arab Spring, through a comparison with successful American support for democratic transitions in allied authoritarian regimes during the 1980s, executed through a combination of top-down diplomatic pressure and bottom-up democracy building by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In Egypt, American policymakers misjudged the stability of the Mubarak regime and relaxed top-down pressure for liberalisation before the Arab Spring, while greater implementation of bottom-up democracy programs by United States government agencies resulted in the obstruction of these programs by the Mubarak regime and American policymakers. The case of Egypt illustrates the importance of American policymakers’ perceptions of regime stability for the priority which Washington accords to democracy promotion in policy towards allied authoritarian regimes, and the impact of American government control of bottom-up democracy programs on democracy building in allied authoritarian states.
改革独裁同盟国:“阿拉伯之春”前美国在埃及民主促进的失败
本文分析了美国在2011年阿拉伯之春之前和期间在埃及推动民主的失败,通过比较美国在20世纪80年代通过自上而下的外交压力和自下而上的非政府组织(ngo)民主建设相结合成功支持盟国独裁政权的民主转型。在埃及,美国决策者错误地判断了穆巴拉克政权的稳定性,在阿拉伯之春之前放松了自上而下的自由化压力,而美国政府机构更多地实施自下而上的民主计划,导致穆巴拉克政权和美国决策者对这些计划的阻挠。埃及的例子说明了美国政策制定者对政权稳定的看法对于华盛顿在对盟国独裁政权的政策中优先考虑民主促进的重要性,以及美国政府对自下而上的民主项目的控制对盟国独裁国家民主建设的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
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