Inequity in out-of-pocket expenditure and utilization of laboratory tests in Iran: lessons learned in human rights

IF 1.2 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI:10.1108/ijhrh-11-2021-0194

Rauf Kord, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, A. Davoudi Kiakalayeh

{"title":"Inequity in out-of-pocket expenditure and utilization of laboratory tests in Iran: lessons learned in human rights","authors":"Rauf Kord, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, A. Davoudi Kiakalayeh","doi":"10.1108/ijhrh-11-2021-0194","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\nPurpose\nThis study aims to calculate the inequity in out of pocket expenditures and utilization of laboratory tests in Iran. Equal access to health services is an important part of human rights in health care. Out-of-pocket payment is a part of financial access to health care. In this study, the authors tried to find inequity in out-of-pocket payments and utilization of medical laboratory tests (MLTs) as a part of human rights in Iran in 2016.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nGini and concentration indices were calculated for this purpose, and regression models were estimated to show the relationship between different factors and utilization and out-of-pocket.\n\n\nFindings\nThe average out-of-pocket payment for all of the households was US$1.56 (urban areas: 1.97 and rural areas: 1.31). Moreover, the average utilization of MLTs was 0.079 (urban areas: 0.0908 and rural areas: 0.0753). Gini and concentration indices for out-of-pocket payments were 0.522 and 0.0701, respectively.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nOut-of-pocket and utilization were low in lower in less developed regions of ease and southeast regions of the country and were related to access to health insurance, income and wealth deciles.\n","PeriodicalId":14129,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-11-2021-0194","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to calculate the inequity in out of pocket expenditures and utilization of laboratory tests in Iran. Equal access to health services is an important part of human rights in health care. Out-of-pocket payment is a part of financial access to health care. In this study, the authors tried to find inequity in out-of-pocket payments and utilization of medical laboratory tests (MLTs) as a part of human rights in Iran in 2016. Design/methodology/approach Gini and concentration indices were calculated for this purpose, and regression models were estimated to show the relationship between different factors and utilization and out-of-pocket. Findings The average out-of-pocket payment for all of the households was US$1.56 (urban areas: 1.97 and rural areas: 1.31). Moreover, the average utilization of MLTs was 0.079 (urban areas: 0.0908 and rural areas: 0.0753). Gini and concentration indices for out-of-pocket payments were 0.522 and 0.0701, respectively. Originality/value Out-of-pocket and utilization were low in lower in less developed regions of ease and southeast regions of the country and were related to access to health insurance, income and wealth deciles.

查看原文本刊更多论文

伊朗自付费用和利用实验室检测方面的不平等:人权方面的经验教训

目的本研究旨在计算伊朗实验室检测的自付支出和利用率的不公平性。平等获得医疗服务是医疗保健人权的重要组成部分。自付费用是获得医疗保健资金的一部分。在这项研究中，作者试图发现2016年在伊朗，作为人权的一部分，自费支付和使用医学实验室检测（MLT）方面存在不公平。为此计算了设计/方法/方法基尼系数和浓度指数，估计回归模型显示了不同因素与利用率和自付额之间的关系。结果所有家庭的平均自付额为1.56美元（城市地区：1.97，农村地区：1.31）。此外，MLT的平均利用率为0.079（城市地区：0.0908，农村地区：0.0753）。自付支付的基尼系数和集中度指数分别为0.522和0.0701。在该国欠发达地区和东南部地区，自付和利用率较低，与获得医疗保险、收入和财富十分位数有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： nternational Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare (IJHRH) is an international, peer reviewed journal with a unique practical approach to promoting race equality, inclusion and human rights in health and social care. The journal publishes scholarly and double blind peer-reviewed papers of the highest standard, including case studies and book reviews. IJHRH aims include: -To explore what is currently known about discrimination and disadvantage with a particular focus on health and social care -Push the barriers of the human rights discourse by identifying new avenues for healthcare practice and policy internationally -Create bridges between policymakers, practitioners and researchers -Identify and understand the social determinants of health equity and practical interventions to overcome barriers at national and international levels. The journal welcomes papers which use varied approaches, including discussion of theory, comparative studies, systematic evaluation of interventions, analysis of qualitative data and study of health and social care institutions and the political process. Papers published in IJHRH: -Clearly demonstrate the implications of the research -Provide evidence-rich information -Provoke reflection and support critical analysis of both challenges and strengths -Share examples of best practice and ‘what works’, including user perspectives IJHRH is a hugely valuable source of information for researchers, academics, students, practitioners, managers, policy-makers, commissioning bodies, social workers, psychologists, nurses, voluntary sector workers, service users and carers internationally.