菏泽市冬季大气PM 2.5 和PM 10 中碳组分来源解析

Q2 Environmental Science

环境科学研究 Pub Date : 2017-11-25 DOI:10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2017.03.11

张家营, 刘保双, 毕晓辉, 吴建会, 冯银厂, 张裕芬, 张勤勋

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Abstract

为研究菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征和来源，于2016年1月采集菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10样品，基于热光反射法分析样品中OC（有机碳）、EC（元素碳）及8个碳组分[OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3和OP（裂解碳）]的含量，并计算得到ρ（Char-EC）（Char-EC为燃料燃烧后固体残渣中的EC）和ρ（Soot-EC）（Soot-EC为燃烧后气相挥发物质再凝结形成的EC），以定性识别大气颗粒物中碳组分的来源.结果表明，菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物样品中碳组分浓度处于较高水平，PM2.5中的ρ（OC）、ρ（EC）分别为26.34、9.22 μg/m3，PM10中ρ（OC）、ρ（EC）分别为31.82、10.71 μg/m3.采样期间大气PM2.5中碳组分（OC、EC、OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3、Char-EC、Soot-EC）浓度与PM10中相应各组分浓度的比值均大于0.5（0.60~0.90），表明碳组分多集中于细粒子（PM2.5）.大气颗粒物样品中各碳组分浓度具有明显空间差异，各点位大气PM2.5和PM10中ρ（OC）均显著高于ρ（EC）（T检验，P < 0.05）.菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中Char-EC/Soot-EC（二者质量浓度之比）分别为10.04、8.00，并且存在显著的空间差异性（T检验，P < 0.05）.PMF（正定矩阵因子分解法）解析结果表明，菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中碳组分来源主要有4类，包括两类柴油车（1类排放的碳组分中以EC2为主，定义为柴油车-1；1类排放的碳组分中以EC3为主，定义为柴油车-2）、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤混合源，对大气PM2.5中碳组分的分担率分别为13.98%、5.13%、24.47%、41.97%，对大气PM10中碳组分的分担率分别为16.08%、8.21%、18.34%、47.35%.可见，菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中碳的主要来源是柴油车、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤.

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Source Analysis of Carbon Components in Winter Atmospheric PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Heze City

In order to study the pollution characteristics and sources of carbon components in winter atmospheric particulate matter in Heze City, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected in January 2016. The content of OC (organic carbon), EC (elemental carbon), and 8 carbon components [OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, EC1, EC2, EC3, and OP (pyrolysis carbon)] in the samples were analyzed using thermal light reflection method, and the results were calculated ρ (Char-EC) (Char-EC is the EC in the solid residue after fuel combustion) and ρ (Soot EC) (Soot EC is the EC formed by the condensation of volatile substances in the gas phase after combustion), in order to qualitatively identify the source of carbon components in atmospheric particulate matter. The results show that the carbon component concentration in winter atmospheric particulate matter samples in Heze City is at a high level, while in PM2.5 ρ (OC) ρ (EC) 26.34 and 9.22 respectively μ G/m3, in PM10 ρ (OC) ρ (EC) 31.82 and 10.71 respectively μ During the sampling period, the ratio of the concentration of carbon components (OC, EC, OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, EC1, EC2, EC3, Char-EC, Soot EC) in atmospheric PM2.5 to the concentration of corresponding components in PM10 was greater than 0.5 (0.60-0.90), indicating that carbon components are mostly concentrated in fine particles (PM2.5). There are significant spatial differences in the concentration of carbon components in atmospheric particulate matter samples, and the concentrations of each carbon component in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at each point are significant ρ (OC) are significantly higher than ρ (EC) (T-test, P<0.05). The Char-EC/Soot-EC (mass concentration ratio) in winter atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 in Heze City are 10.04 and 8.00 respectively, and there is significant spatial difference (T-test, P<0.05). The analysis results of PMF (positive definite matrix factorization method) show that there are four main sources of carbon components in winter atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 in Heze City, This includes two types of diesel vehicles (EC2 is the main carbon component in Class 1 emissions, defined as diesel vehicle-1; EC3 is the main carbon component in Class 1 emissions, defined as diesel vehicle-2), gasoline vehicles, biomass combustion, and coal-fired hybrid sources, with a contribution rate of 13.98%, 5.13%, 24.47%, 41.97% to the carbon component in atmospheric PM2.5, and 16.08%, 8.21%, 18.34%, and 47.35% to the carbon component in atmospheric PM10, respectively, The main sources of carbon in winter atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 in Heze City are diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, biomass combustion, and coal combustion

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