Practical review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic indicators of acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce in the bull

Abstract

This review will discuss the most common acquired conditions of the penis and prepuce in the bull along with diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for each of those conditions. Conditions discussed will include preputial lacerations, penile hematomas, retropreputial abscesses, phimosis/paraphimosis, and deviations of the penis. It is the intent of this manuscript to arm practitioners with clinically important knowledge regarding medical treatment and prognosis so that they may assist producers in the decision-making process following the identification of a reproductive injury or defect in a bull. This manuscript will not discuss surgical interventions in depth but will discuss when surgical intervention is warranted.