From Hematology to Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Projection of Platelet Concentrates and their Derivatives

Abstract

Background: In the last decade, tissue engineering, cell therapy, and research advances in hematological sciences have become tools for regenerative dentistry, using platelet concentrates as the cornerstone. The results are promising, but it is necessary to consolidate the existing evidence on their real relevance and clinical impact. Purpose: To conduct an integrative review of literature to present scientific evidence on platelet concentrates, their use, characteristics, benefits, and usefulness for tissue engineering. Methods: The search for information was performed in the integrated search engine EBSCOhost, including studies published from 2010 to early 2020. Results: Most of the publications present the evolution of platelet concentrates with evaluations of their in vitro and in vivo use, clinically proving their regenerative potential in soft tissue and bone repair. Marked differences exist between platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin. Conclusion: There is controversy and indiscriminate use of the terminology referring to platelet concentrates; however, they are not only a source of growth factors, but also a living biomaterial, based on fibrin, and its positioning as a surgical material is increasingly evident to become a tissue-oriented solution, by optimizing regeneration and healing, and an important tool of low economic profile in tissue engineering.