THE JUNE 1863 AND THE JULY 1880 EARTHQUAKES IN LUZON, PHILIPPINES: INTERPRETATIONS AND RESPONSES

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY

Illes i Imperis Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI:10.31009/ILLESIMPERIS.2020.I22.08

Kerby C. Alvarez

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Abstract

This paper presents a historical analysis of the response of the government and the people after the June 1863 and July 1880 earthquake disasters. It provides a discussion of the extent of damage caused by the two earthquakes, and the post-disaster responses of the Spanish civil government in Manila and the central government in Madrid. This study also narrates the varying interpretations of the earthquakes, from the point of view of the Church, and from the perspective of the scientific community.The two earthquakes became profound catalysts for the changes that had taken place in its immediate aftermath. First, it prompted the civil government to initiate and implement a systematic disaster response plan and to institutionalize earthquake studies as a prerequisite in crafting seismic engineering and architectural plans for the communities. Second, what transpired after the two earthquakes revealed the long-standing problems in the bureaucracy and the need to implement modern and scientific approaches to urban planning and infrastructural integrity of the city. Ultimately, these catastrophic events paved the way for the institutionalization of scientific, architectural, and public engineering reforms in the colony.

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1863年6月和1880年7月菲律宾吕宋岛地震:解释和反应

本文对1863年6月和1880年7月地震灾害后政府和人民的反应进行了历史分析。它讨论了两次地震造成的破坏程度，以及马尼拉的西班牙民政政府和马德里的中央政府在灾后的反应。本研究还从教会和科学界的角度叙述了对地震的不同解释。这两次地震成为地震后立即发生的变化的深刻催化剂。首先，它促使民政政府启动并实施一项系统的灾害应对计划，并将地震研究制度化，作为为社区制定地震工程和建筑计划的先决条件。其次，两次地震后发生的事情揭示了官僚机构长期存在的问题，以及对城市规划和城市基础设施完整性实施现代科学方法的必要性。最终，这些灾难性事件为殖民地科学、建筑和公共工程改革的制度化铺平了道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Illes i Imperis HISTORY-

CiteScore

0.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

30 weeks

期刊介绍： Illes i Imperis is a journal that has been published by the GRIMSE (Research Group on Empires, Metropolis and Extra-European Societies) since 1998. It aims to publish studies on colonial and postcolonial societies. The objectives of the editorial board are patently open. They admit all means of approaching colonial societies and their subsequent realities, provided they meet the quality requirements that are characteristic of the social sciences in our era. We accept and promote the publication of historical papers, although we also welcome contributions from other areas of the social sciences. Illes i Imperis disseminates studies, texts and quantitative materials, it provides references and offers bibliographical commentaries, in addition to information on activities of interest to scholars and those intrigued by the history of societies in the colonial and postcolonial world. In short, the journal strives to serve as a platform for airing the academic concerns of those who take an interest in studying these societies. GRIMSE’s interests have taken a preferential leaning towards studies on Latin America, the Philippines and Southeast Asia; on North Africa; and in relation to the Hispanic metropolitan world during the 15th to 20th centuries. Nevertheless, the journal is not only focussed on studies in this field; rather, in general, it serves as a platform for the publication of academic papers on other areas and periods. We are particularly motivated by studies on other empires (the Portuguese, French, English and Dutch empires, etc.), comparative perspectives and, broadly speaking, analyses that are forged on the basis of typical concerns in the field of World History.