Complex networks and deep learning for copper flow across countries

IF 4.4 3区 管理学 Q1 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Lorenzo Federico, Ayoub Mounim, Pierpaolo D’Urso, Livia De Giovanni
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this paper, by using a lifecycle perspective, four stages related to the extraction, refining and processing of copper were identified. The different behaviors of countries in the import/export networks at the four stages synthetically reflect their position in the global network of copper production and consumption. The trade flows of four commodities related to the extraction, refining and processing of copper of 142 nations with population above 2 millions based on the UN Comtrade website (https://comtrade.un.org/data/), in five years from 2017 to 2021, were considered. The observed trade flows in each year have been modelled as a directed multilayer network. Then the countries have been grouped according to their structural equivalence in the international copper flow by using a Multilayer Stochastic Block Model. To put further insight in the obtained community structure of the countries, a deep learning model based on adapting the node2vec to a multilayer setting has been used to embed the countries in an Euclidean plane. To identify groups of nations that play the same role across time, some distances between the parameters obtained in consecutive years were introduced. We observe that 97 countries out of 142 consistently occupy the same position in the copper supply chain throughout the five years, while the other 45 move through different roles in the copper supply chain.

复杂的网络和深度学习的铜跨国家流动
本文采用生命周期视角,确定了与铜的开采、精炼和加工相关的四个阶段。各国在这四个阶段的进出口网络中的不同行为,综合反映了它们在全球铜生产和消费网络中的地位。根据联合国商品贸易统计网站(https://comtrade.un.org/data/)的数据,考虑了 142 个人口超过 200 万的国家在 2017 年至 2021 年五年间与铜的开采、精炼和加工相关的四种商品的贸易流量。每年观察到的贸易流量被模拟为一个有向多层网络。然后,利用多层随机块模型,根据各国在国际铜流中的结构等同性对其进行分组。为了进一步深入了解所获得的国家群落结构,我们使用了基于将 node2vec 适应于多层设置的深度学习模型,将国家嵌入欧几里得平面中。为了识别在不同时期扮演相同角色的国家群体,我们引入了连续几年获得的参数之间的一些距离。我们发现,在 142 个国家中,有 97 个国家在这五年中始终在铜供应链中占据相同的位置,而其他 45 个国家则在铜供应链中扮演着不同的角色。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annals of Operations Research
Annals of Operations Research 管理科学-运筹学与管理科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
16.70%
发文量
596
审稿时长
8.4 months
期刊介绍: The Annals of Operations Research publishes peer-reviewed original articles dealing with key aspects of operations research, including theory, practice, and computation. The journal publishes full-length research articles, short notes, expositions and surveys, reports on computational studies, and case studies that present new and innovative practical applications. In addition to regular issues, the journal publishes periodic special volumes that focus on defined fields of operations research, ranging from the highly theoretical to the algorithmic and the applied. These volumes have one or more Guest Editors who are responsible for collecting the papers and overseeing the refereeing process.
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