20-Year Comparative Survival and Mortality of Cancer of the Esophagus by Age, Sex, Race, Stage, Grade, Cohort Entry Time-Period, Disease Duration & Selected ICD-O-3 Oncologic Phenotypes: A Systematic Review of 83,658 Cases for Diagnosis Years 1973-2014: (SEER*Stat 8.3.4)

Abstract

Objective.— To update trends in incidence, prevalence, short- and long-term survival and mortality of esophageal cancer using the statistical database of SEER*Stat 8.3.4 for diagnosis years 1973-2014 employing multiple case selection variables. Methods.— A retrospective, population-based study using nationally representative data from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to evaluate 83,658 cases of esophageal cancer for diagnosis years 1973-2014 comparing multiple variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort entry time-period, disease duration, and, two histologic oncotypes. Relative survival statistics were analyzed in two cohorts: 1973-1994 and 1995-2014. Survival statistics were derived from: SEER*Stat Database: Incidence – SEER 9 Regs Research Data, November 2016 Submission (1973-2014) Released April 2017 (Ref. 9). Case frequency and incidence data, derived from the SEER program, were used to design the table format and number of pages for this report. Results.— In a total of 83,658 cases of esophageal cancer in the United States for diagnosis years 1973-2014, multiple variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort entry time-period, disease duration, and, two histologic oncotypes were compared. Mean age in males was 66.5 years, females 70.1 years, both male and female 67.2 years. Greater than 85% of incidence cases occurred between ages 55-85+ years with the zenith in males at 65-69 years (59.4%) and 70-74 years (60.5%) in females. The overall annual US death rate from 1975-2014 has slightly increased from 3.69 to 3.99 per 100,000 per year, and excess mortality remains exceedingly high. Of the 83,658 invasive cases, 82.6% were clinically staged and 79.4% were histologically graded. Conclusions.— Relative frequency, incidence and time-trends, and the clinical, demographic and secular variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort-entry time-periods, and predominant clinical oncotypes were comparatively analyzed to provide a comprehensive medical-actuarial assessment of esophageal cancer survival and mortality in the 1973-2014 time-frame.