Time perspective of leisure participants: Conceptualization and measurement

Abstract

Abstract Time perspective refers to individuals’ attitude toward leisure time and leisure time use. Although the time perspective has been discussed over the years, the concept and measurement of time perspective in leisure contexts remains scant. This study proposed a construct of leisure time perspective and developed a scale to explore perception of time for leisure participation. Both metropolitan and non-metropolitan populations in Taiwan were surveyed for scale development. The research method started with a literature review and focus-group interviews to identify the initial items. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to facilitate scale purification and factor extraction, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the structure. The result showed that the leisure time perspective comprised seven dimensions: structured routine, time-use meaning, effective organization, polychronic orientation, pace preference fit, persistence, and social orientation. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings and suggestions for future studies are presented in this study.