Monitoring the levels of radon and toxic elements pollutants in bottled drinking water

Abstract

Background: The existence of radioactive isotopes and toxic elements in water poses a potential threat to public health. Due to the high consumption of bottled water, the focus of this study is on measuring the concentration of radioactive isotopes (Rn and Ra) and toxic elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in different brands of bottled drinking water. Materials and Methods: Therefore, twenty-four samples of bottled water have been carefully selected from local markets in Saudi Arabia. Nuclear track detector of type CR-39 and Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer were used to measure radioactivity concentrations and toxic elements, respectively. Results: It is observed that the activity concentration of Rn and Ra in all samples was lower than the recommended values set by different agencies such as WHO, and EPA. The annual effective dose for three age groups (infants, children, and adults) was calculated from the concentration of Rn. These measurements provide basic information for consumers who could be at risk of exposure through bottled water consumption. Conclusion: then all types of bottled drinking water are suitable and safe for daily population ingestion.