CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TUALANG HONEY AND ITS EFFECT ON THE LUNG SURFACTANTS AND HISTOLOGY OF MALE RATS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE

Abstract

This study reported the chemical composition of Tualang honey and its effect on the lung surfactants and histology of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and they were randomly divided into 4 groups of eight rats each: control, honey-treated (Honey), cigarette smoke-exposed (CS) and honey-treated plus CS (Honey+CS). Rats in control and CS groups received distilled water (0.5 mL/day) while rats in Honey and Honey+CS groups received honey (1.2 g/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage. Furthermore, rats in CS and Honey+CS groups were exposed to CS in a chamber for 8 minutes (3 times/day). Exposure of rats to cigarette smoke significantly altered their phosphatidyl choline/ phosphatidyl glycerol (PC/PG) ratio but not their surfactant protein A levels with increased number of alveolar macrophage containing carbon particles. Administration of Tualang honey to CS exposed rats resulted in modulation of most of these parameters and which results were coroborrated by histology. The colour intenstity, pH and moisture content of the honey were obtained as 272.75 mili-absorbance unit, 3.43 and 17.38%, respectively. Screening for phenolic compounds in Tualang honey using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography showed the presence of 18 compounds while only five were identified which possessed strong in vitro antioxidant capacity as seen from their 2,2,diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging ability. The study showed the promising potentials of Tualung honey in protecting lung surfactants from the deleterious action of cigarette smoke which may be associated with its antioxidant phenolic compounds. Key words: tualang honey; surfactant; inhalation toxicology; phenolic compounds   KEMIAŒNA SESTAVA MEDU TUALANG IN NJEGOV VPLIV NA POVRA INSKO AKTIVNE SNOVI V PLJUAŒIH TER HISTOLOGIJO PLJUAŒ SAMCEV PODGAN, IZPOSTAVLJENIH CIGARETNEM DIMU Povzetek: Raziskava poroAa o kemijski sestavi medu Tualang in njegovem vplivu na povrAiinsko aktivne snovi v pljuAih ter histologijo pljuA samcev podgan, izpostavljenih cigaretnemu dimu. V Aitudiji so uporabili 32 odraslih podgajih samcev seva Sprague-Dawley, ki so bili nakljuAno razdeljeni v 4 skupine po osem podgan: kontrolna skupina, skupina, ki je uA¾ivala med s prehrano (Honey), skupina, ki je bila izpostavljena cigaretnemu dimu (CS) in skupina, ki je bila izpostavljena cigaretnemu dimu ter je uA¾ivala med (Honey+CS). Podgane v kontrolnih skupinah in skupinah CS so dobile destilirano vodo (0,5 ml/dan), podgane v skupinah Honey in Honey + CS pa peroralno med (1,2 g/kg telesne teA¾e/dan). Poleg tega so bile podgane v skupinah CS in Honey + CS izpostavljene v komori cigaretnemu dimu trikrat na dan po 8 minut. Izpostavljenost podgan cigaretnemu dimu je bistveno spremenila razmerje fosfatidilholina/fosfatidilglicerola (PC/PG), ne pa tudi ravni povrAiinsko aktivne snovi A v pljuAih in ni vplivala na Aitevilo alveolarnih makrofagov, ki vsebujejo ogljikove delce. Uporaba medu Tualang pri podganah, izpostavljenih cigaretnemu dimu, je povzroAila spremembo veAine opazovanih parametrov, katerih rezultati so bili potrjeni s histoloAiko preiskavo. Intenzivnost barve medu je bila 272,75 enote mili-absorbance, pH 3,43, vsebnost vlage v medu pa je bila 17,38 %. Presejalni test na fenolne spojin v medu Tualang s tankoplastno kromatografijo je pokazal prisotnost 18 spojin, od katerih jih je bilo 5 prepoznanih kot spojine z moAno in vitro antioksidativno sposobnostjo, kot je razvidno iz njihove sposobnosti odstranjevanja radikala 2,2-difenil-1-pikril hidrazila. A tudija je pokazala obetavne potenciale medu Tualung pri zaAiAiti pljuAnih povrAiinsko aktivnih snovi pred Aikodljivim delovanjem cigaretnega dima, kar je lahko povezano z njegovimi antioksidativnimi fenolnimi spojinami. KjuAne besede: med tualang; surfaktant; inhalacijska toksikologija; fenoli