System-Level Dependability Analysis of Bitcoin under Eclipse and 51% Attacks

IF 1.3 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.33889/ijmems.2023.8.4.031

Chencheng Zhou, L. Xing, Qisi Liu, Yuzhu Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bitcoin is an electronic cryptocurrency developed based on Blockchain technology. With its decentralized feature, it has become incredibly popular since its invention. However, the Bitcoin network suffers from 51% attacks, where if malicious attackers’ control over half of the computing power, they are able to rewrite the network. The attackers are capable of doing so by initiating the Eclipse attack first, which aims to monopolize all communications from and to a controlled Bitcoin node. In this paper, we model and analyze the dependability of the Bitcoin network subject to the Eclipse and 51% attacks. We propose a hierarchical model that encompasses a continuous-time Markov chain method for the node-level dependability analysis and a multi-valued decision diagram method for the system-level dependability analysis. Detailed case studies on Bitcoin systems with homogeneous and heterogeneous nodes are conducted to demonstrate the proposed model and investigate the impacts of several critical parameters on Bitcoin network dependability.

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Eclipse和51%攻击下比特币的系统级可靠性分析

比特币是一种基于区块链技术开发的电子加密货币。由于其去中心化的特点，它自发明以来变得非常受欢迎。然而，比特币网络遭受51%的攻击，如果恶意攻击者控制了一半以上的计算能力，他们就能够重写网络。攻击者可以通过首先发起Eclipse攻击来做到这一点，Eclipse攻击的目的是垄断来自和到受控比特币节点的所有通信。在本文中，我们建模并分析了受Eclipse和51%攻击的比特币网络的可靠性。我们提出了一种分层模型，其中包括用于节点级可靠性分析的连续时间马尔可夫链方法和用于系统级可靠性分析的多值决策图方法。对具有同质和异构节点的比特币系统进行了详细的案例研究，以验证所提出的模型，并研究了几个关键参数对比特币网络可靠性的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences Multiple-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

20 weeks

期刊介绍： IJMEMS is a peer reviewed international journal aiming on both the theoretical and practical aspects of mathematical, engineering and management sciences. The original, not-previously published, research manuscripts on topics such as the following (but not limited to) will be considered for publication: *Mathematical Sciences- applied mathematics and allied fields, operations research, mathematical statistics. *Engineering Sciences- computer science engineering, mechanical engineering, information technology engineering, civil engineering, aeronautical engineering, industrial engineering, systems engineering, reliability engineering, production engineering. *Management Sciences- engineering management, risk management, business models, supply chain management.