Designing Metaphorical Multivariate Symbols to Optimize Dockless Bike Sharing

IF 1 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY

Cartographic Journal Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI:10.1080/00087041.2022.2097759

Mingguang Wu, Lige Qiao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT While dockless bike sharing is gaining popularity, oversupplied and poorly maintained bikes introduce chaos and waste (e.g., so-called zombie bikes that unused). Spatiotemporal pattern visualizations can help policy-making and infrastructure improvement (e.g., allocating parking areas). However, multivariate symbolizing (e.g., supply, flow, usage) to optimize dockless bike sharing is challenging. In this paper, we introduce metaphor theory to design multivariate symbols. First, we systemically explore the coupling of three metaphor types (orientational, ontological and structural) with symbols at three levels of iconicity. Then, we construct metaphorical symbols for optimizing dockless bike sharing following a user-centred design process. We also offer an evaluation using eye-tracking and questionnaire techniques. The results indicate that, compared with bin-packing and multiview symbols, metaphorical symbols significantly improved effectiveness and efficiency, and reduced participants' cognitive load. Our evaluation presents preliminary evidence that metaphors can offer new organizational mechanisms for map symbols to represent multivariate naturally and effectively.

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设计多元隐喻符号优化无桩共享单车

摘要当无码头共享单车越来越受欢迎时，供过于求和维护不善的自行车带来了混乱和浪费（例如，未使用的所谓僵尸自行车）。时空模式可视化可以帮助制定政策和改善基础设施（例如，分配停车场）。然而，优化无码头共享单车的多元象征（如供应、流量、使用）具有挑战性。在本文中，我们引入隐喻理论来设计多元符号。首先，我们在象似性的三个层面上系统地探讨了三种隐喻类型（方位隐喻、本体隐喻和结构隐喻）与符号的耦合。然后，我们按照以用户为中心的设计过程，构建了优化无码头共享单车的隐喻符号。我们还提供了使用眼动追踪和问卷调查技术的评估。结果表明，与装箱和多视角符号相比，隐喻符号显著提高了效果和效率，降低了参与者的认知负荷。我们的评估提供了初步证据，证明隐喻可以为地图符号提供新的组织机制，以自然有效地表示多元。

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来源期刊

Cartographic Journal GEOGRAPHY-

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

10.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Cartographic Journal (first published in 1964) is an established peer reviewed journal of record and comment containing authoritative articles and international papers on all aspects of cartography, the science and technology of presenting, communicating and analysing spatial relationships by means of maps and other geographical representations of the Earth"s surface. This includes coverage of related technologies where appropriate, for example, remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), the internet and global positioning systems. The Journal also publishes articles on social, political and historical aspects of cartography.