Archaeometric studies on the petroglyphs and rock varnish at Kilwa and Sakaka, northern Saudi Arabia

IF 0.7 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Meinrat O. Andreae, Abdullah Al-Amri, Claire M. Andreae, Maria Guagnin, Klaus Peter Jochum, Brigitte Stoll, Ulrike Weis
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

We conducted rock varnish measurements at four rock art sites in north-western Saudi Arabia, including Kilwa and the Camel Site near Sakaka. We determined the areal densities of Mn and Fe in rock varnish that had accumulated on petroglyph surfaces since their creation, complemented by a detailed analysis of varnish samples. We inferred varnish accumulation rates by relating the Mn areal density on inscriptions to their ages estimated based on the type of script used. Applying these rates to the varnish densities on the rock art indicated that the art was produced during two distinct periods, corresponding to the Pre-Pottery/Late Neolithic and the Bronze/Iron Age, respectively, with different artistic traditions, reflecting distinct socioeconomic and ecological conditions. Our dating approach, while admittedly burdened with substantial uncertainties, yields ages consistent with archaeological and historical evidence and it provides a unique quantitative tool to obtain at least rough ages for otherwise undatable rock art.

Abstract Image

沙特阿拉伯北部Kilwa和Sakaka岩画和岩石清漆的考古研究
我们在沙特阿拉伯西北部的四个岩石艺术遗址进行了岩石清漆测量,包括基尔瓦和Sakaka附近的骆驼遗址。我们确定了自岩石雕刻形成以来积聚在岩石表面的清漆中Mn和Fe的面密度,并对清漆样品进行了详细分析。我们通过将铭文上的Mn面密度与根据所使用的文字类型估计的年龄相关联来推断清漆积累率。将这些比率应用于岩石艺术上的清漆密度表明,这些艺术创作于两个不同的时期,分别对应于前陶器/新石器时代晚期和青铜/铁器时代,具有不同的艺术传统,反映了不同的社会经济和生态条件。我们的年代测定方法,虽然无可否认有很大的不确定性,但得出的年代与考古和历史证据一致,它提供了一种独特的定量工具,至少可以为无法确定的岩石艺术获得大致的年代。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: In recent years the Arabian peninsula has emerged as one of the major new frontiers of archaeological research in the Old World. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy is a forum for the publication of studies in the archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, and early history of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Both original articles and short communications in English, French, and German are published, ranging in time from prehistory to the Islamic era.
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