Role of natural landscape in perception of Ukrainian sacral architecture monuments

IF 0.1 0 ARCHITECTURE
D. Chernyshev, Y. Ivashko, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, A. Dmytrenko
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

The article analyses the impact of natural environment on the creation of a Christian church design, as an example, reviews the Orthodox architecture of Ukraine – historical and contemporary one. From time immemorial, Orthodox churches were erected in the most picturesque places – on high hills, steep banks, near rivers and lakes – so that the temple was reflected in the water surface. A typical example is the historical silhouette of the steep right bank of Kyiv, formed by many churches, cathedrals and monasteries located along the edge of the hilly shore. If temples in the urban environment were constrained by the conditions of dense quarterly development (the principal cathedrals and monasteries were an exception), then the peculiarity of the remote suburban monasteries – the hermitages – was precisely the creation of nature and architecture picturesque combination. At the monasteries, parks, gardens and flower beds were created, artificial lakes were arranged. During the domination of the atheistic ideology, temple construction was in decline, most of the cathedrals, churches and monasteries were destroyed or redesigned under the socialist functions of clubs, museums of atheism, schools and storages. The contemporary course in the creation of new Orthodox churches is aimed at restoring the lost sequence in the church building. In this case, particular attention is paid to the natural environment: churches are built in park areas, in forest parks, on the banks of lakes, surrounded by flower beds. The relevance of the study is explained by the presence in Ukraine of a large number of Orthodox churches – both architectural monuments and newly built, which are traditionally surrounded by gardens, parks and flower gardens as symbols of their non-earthly purpose, the image of the Garden of Eden. Therefore, during the restoration and new construction of such objects, it is necessary to understand the features of the сhurch landscape design, which has been formed and improved over the centuries.
自然景观在乌克兰神圣建筑纪念碑感知中的作用
本文分析了自然环境对基督教教堂设计的影响,并以乌克兰东正教建筑为例,对其历史与当代建筑进行了回顾。自古以来,东正教教堂就建在风景如画的地方——在高山、陡峭的河岸、靠近河流和湖泊的地方——这样寺庙就能在水面上反射出来。一个典型的例子是基辅陡峭的右岸的历史轮廓,它由沿着丘陵海岸边缘的许多教堂、大教堂和修道院组成。如果城市环境中的寺庙受到密集的季度发展条件的限制(主要的大教堂和修道院是例外),那么偏远郊区修道院的特点-隐士-恰恰是自然和建筑风景如画的结合。在修道院,公园,花园和花坛被创造出来,人工湖被安排。在无神论思想统治时期,寺庙建设衰落,大部分的大教堂、教堂和修道院被摧毁或重新设计为俱乐部、无神论博物馆、学校和仓库等社会主义功能。当代新东正教教堂的创建过程旨在恢复教堂建筑中失去的顺序。在这种情况下,特别注意自然环境:教堂建在公园地区,森林公园,湖岸,周围有花坛。这项研究的相关性可以通过乌克兰大量东正教教堂的存在来解释-包括建筑纪念碑和新建的教堂,这些教堂传统上被花园,公园和花园包围,作为其非世俗目的的象征,伊甸园的形象。因此,在这类文物的修复和新建过程中,有必要了解教堂景观设计的特点,这些特点是经过几个世纪的形成和完善的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
25.00%
发文量
3
期刊介绍: Information not localized
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