The microbiology and pathogenesis of nonfermenting Gram-negative infections.

IF 3.6 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-21 DOI:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000969
Vincenzo Di Pilato, Edward Willison, Anna Marchese
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review provides an overview of most recent evidence about pathogenesis traits and virulence factors contributing to successful colonization or infection by P. aeruginosa , A. baumannii , S. maltophilia and B. cepacia complex, among the most clinically relevant nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB).

Recent findings: The growing clinical importance of NFGNB as important opportunistic pathogens causing difficult-to-treat infections in a fragile patients' population in stressed by numerous studies. Identification of novel virulence factors and deciphering of their mechanisms of action have greatly furthered our understanding of NFGNB pathogenesis, revealing that each pathogen-specific armamentarium of virulence factors (adhesins, motility, capsule, biofilm, lipopolysaccharide, exotoxins, exoenzymes, secretion systems, siderophores) can be likely responsible for the difference in the pathophysiology even in the context of a similar infection site. Emerging evidence of the immunomodulatory effect of some virulence factors is also acknowledged.

Summary: NFGNB continue to be a serious global problem as cause of life-threatening opportunistic infections, owing to a highly heterogeneous content of virulence factors and their extensive number of intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Further efforts in development of novel effective antimicrobials and of alternative strategies targeting key virulence factors are warranted.

Abstract Image

非发酵性革兰氏阴性感染的微生物学和发病机制。
综述的目的:本综述概述了导致铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼氏杆菌、嗜麦芽链球菌和洋葱芽孢杆菌复合物成功定殖或感染的发病机制特征和毒力因素的最新证据,最新发现:在众多研究的压力下,NFGNB作为导致脆弱患者群体难以治疗感染的重要机会性病原体,在临床上越来越重要。新毒力因子的鉴定及其作用机制的破译大大加深了我们对NFGNB发病机制的理解,揭示了每种病原体特异性毒力因子(粘附素、运动性、包膜、生物膜、脂多糖、外毒素、外酶、分泌系统、铁载体)可能是导致病理生理学差异的原因,即使在相似感染部位的情况下也是如此。一些毒力因子的免疫调节作用的新证据也得到了认可。摘要:由于毒力因子的含量高度异质性及其广泛的内在耐药性机制,NFGNB作为危及生命的机会性感染的原因,仍然是一个严重的全球问题。需要进一步努力开发新的有效抗菌药物和针对关键毒力因子的替代策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.60%
发文量
121
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This reader-friendly, bimonthly resource provides a powerful, broad-based perspective on the most important advances from throughout the world literature. Featuring renowned guest editors and focusing exclusively on two topics, every issue of Current Opinion in Infectious Disease delivers unvarnished, expert assessments of developments from the previous year. Insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews cover key subjects such as HIV infection and AIDS; skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory infections; paediatric and neonatal infections; gastrointestinal infections; tropical and travel-associated diseases; and antimicrobial agents.
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