Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses.

2区 医学 Q1 Medicine
Advances in Virus Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-08 DOI:10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.002
Victoria K Baxter, Mark T Heise
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Alphaviruses, members of the enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Togaviridae family, represent a reemerging public health threat as mosquito vectors expand into new geographic territories. The Old World alphaviruses, which include chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, and Sindbis virus, tend to cause a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, rash, and arthritis, whereas the New World alphaviruses, which consist of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus, induce encephalomyelitis. Following recovery from the acute phase of infection, many patients are left with debilitating persistent joint and neurological complications that can last for years. Clues from human cases and studies using animal models strongly suggest that much of the disease and pathology induced by alphavirus infection, particularly atypical and chronic manifestations, is mediated by the immune system rather than directly by the virus. This review discusses the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the arthritogenic and neurotropic alphaviruses accumulated through both natural infection of humans and experimental infection of animals, particularly mice. As treatment following alphavirus infection is currently limited to supportive care, understanding the contribution of the immune system to the disease process is critical to developing safe and effective therapies.

甲病毒的免疫发病机制。
甲病毒是包膜阳性单链RNA毒虫科的成员,随着蚊子媒介向新的地理区域扩展,甲病毒代表了一种重新出现的公共卫生威胁。旧大陆甲病毒,包括基孔肯雅病毒、罗斯河病毒和辛德比斯病毒,往往引起以发热、皮疹和关节炎为特征的临床综合征,而新世界甲病毒,包括委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒、东部马脑炎病毒和西部马脑炎病毒,诱发脑脊髓炎。从感染的急性期恢复后,许多患者会留下持续多年的衰弱性关节和神经系统并发症。来自人类病例和使用动物模型的研究的线索强烈表明,甲型病毒感染引起的许多疾病和病理,特别是非典型和慢性表现,是由免疫系统介导的,而不是直接由病毒介导的。本文综述了目前对人类自然感染和动物(特别是小鼠)实验感染中积累的致关节炎性和嗜神经性甲病毒的免疫发病机制的理解。由于甲型病毒感染后的治疗目前仅限于支持性治疗,因此了解免疫系统对疾病过程的贡献对于开发安全有效的治疗方法至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
审稿时长
>12 weeks
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