Anti-CRISPRs: Protein Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas Systems.

IF 12.1 1区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Annual review of biochemistry Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Epub Date: 2020-03-18 DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-011420-111224

Alan R Davidson, Wang-Ting Lu, Sabrina Y Stanley, Jingrui Wang, Marios Mejdani, Chantel N Trost, Brian T Hicks, Jooyoung Lee, Erik J Sontheimer

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引用次数: 76

Abstract

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) together with their accompanying cas (CRISPR-associated) genes are found frequently in bacteria and archaea, serving to defend against invading foreign DNA, such as viral genomes. CRISPR-Cas systems provide a uniquely powerful defense because they can adapt to newly encountered genomes. The adaptive ability of these systems has been exploited, leading to their development as highly effective tools for genome editing. The widespread use of CRISPR-Cas systems has driven a need for methods to control their activity. This review focuses on anti-CRISPRs (Acrs), proteins produced by viruses and other mobile genetic elements that can potently inhibit CRISPR-Cas systems. Discovered in 2013, there are now 54 distinct families of these proteins described, and the functional mechanisms of more than a dozen have been characterized in molecular detail. The investigation of Acrs is leading to a variety of practical applications and is providing exciting new insight into the biology of CRISPR-Cas systems.

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抗 CRISPRs：CRISPR-Cas系统的蛋白质抑制剂。

细菌和古细菌中经常出现有规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）及其伴随的Cas（CRISPR相关）基因，用于抵御外来DNA（如病毒基因组）的入侵。CRISPR-Cas 系统能够适应新遇到的基因组，因此提供了一种独特而强大的防御能力。这些系统的适应能力已被开发利用，成为基因组编辑的高效工具。CRISPR-Cas 系统的广泛使用促使人们需要控制其活性的方法。本综述将重点介绍抗CRISPRs（Acrs），即由病毒和其他移动遗传因子产生的能有效抑制CRISPR-Cas系统的蛋白质。抗CRISPRs蛋白于2013年被发现，目前已有54个不同的家族被描述，其中十多个家族的功能机制已得到详细的分子表征。对Acrs的研究正在带来各种实际应用，并为CRISPR-Cas系统的生物学提供了令人兴奋的新见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual review of biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

33.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Biochemistry, in publication since 1932, sets the standard for review articles in biological chemistry and molecular biology. Since its inception, these volumes have served as an indispensable resource for both the practicing biochemist and students of biochemistry.