The Molecular Basis of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Q3 Medicine

Current Colorectal Cancer Reports Pub Date : 2018-04-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s11888-018-0403-z

Sarah F Andres, Kathy N Williams, Anil K Rustgi

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a vexing clinical problem. In contrast to early stage disease, once CRC metastasizes to other organs, long-term survival is compromised. We seek to review the molecular pathogenesis, animal models, and functional genomics for an enhanced understanding of how CRC metastasizes and how this can be exploited therapeutically.

Recent findings: Mouse models may recapitulate certain aspects of metastatic human CRC and allow for studies to identify regulators of metastasis. Modulation of transcription factors, onco-proteins, or tumor suppressors have been identified to activate known metastatic pathways. CD44 variants, microRNAs and RNA binding proteins are emerging as metastatic modulators.

Summary: CRC metastasis is a multi-faceted and heterogeneous disease. Despite common pathways contributing to metastatic development, there are numerous variables that modulate metastatic signals in subsets of patients. It is paramount that studies continue to investigate metastatic drivers, enhancers and inhibitors in CRC to develop therapeutic targets and improve disease outcomes.

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转移性结直肠癌的分子基础。

综述目的：转移性结直肠癌（CRC）是一个令人头疼的临床问题。与早期疾病不同的是，一旦 CRC 转移到其他器官，长期生存就会受到影响。我们试图回顾分子发病机制、动物模型和功能基因组学，以加深对 CRC 如何转移以及如何利用转移进行治疗的理解：小鼠模型可再现转移性人类 CRC 的某些方面，并可用于研究以确定转移的调节因子。已确定转录因子、共蛋白或肿瘤抑制因子的调节可激活已知的转移途径。CD44变体、microRNAs和RNA结合蛋白正逐渐成为转移调节因子。尽管有共同的途径导致转移的发生，但仍有许多变量可调节亚组患者的转移信号。当务之急是继续研究 CRC 的转移驱动因子、增强因子和抑制因子，以开发治疗靶点，改善疾病预后。

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来源期刊

Current Colorectal Cancer Reports ONCOLOGY-

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期刊介绍： This journal aims to review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of colorectal cancer. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those with the disease. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as current and emerging therapeutic approaches and the molecular basis of disease. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.