Periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes promote alveolar bone defect repair in periodontitis by mediating M2 macrophage polarization via regulation of the SEMA4D/PLXNB1 axis

IF 2.5 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-08 DOI:10.1016/j.ejbt.2026.100712

YanZong Yang , ChunBo Zhang

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Abstract

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive alveolar bone loss. This study explored the role of exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs-Exo) in repairing alveolar bone defects in periodontitis.

Results

PDLSCs-Exo significantly promoted new bone formation and collagen deposition in the defect area while reducing pro-inflammatory factors and enhancing M2 macrophage polarization. The knockdown of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) or plexin B1 (PLXNB1) further enhanced exosome-mediated repair, whereas their overexpression attenuated it. Additionally, the upregulation of PLXNB1 reversed the reparative effects of SEMA4D downregulation on alveolar bone defects in periodontitis.

Conclusions

PDLSCs-Exo promotes M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the SEMA4D/PLXNB1 axis, alleviating local inflammation and accelerating alveolar bone defect repair in periodontitis. This finding provides a novel theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects and identifies potential therapeutic targets for improving the efficacy of bone defect repair.

How to cite: Yang Y, Zhang C. Periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes promote alveolar bone defect repair in periodontitis by mediating M2 macrophage polarization via regulation of the SEMA4D/PLXNB1 axis. Electron J Biotechnol 2026;81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2026.100712.

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牙周韧带干细胞源性外泌体通过调节SEMA4D/PLXNB1轴介导M2巨噬细胞极化，促进牙周炎患者牙槽骨缺损修复

牙周炎是一种以进行性牙槽骨丢失为特征的慢性炎症性疾病。本研究探讨了牙周韧带干细胞外泌体（PDLSCs-Exo）在牙周炎患者牙槽骨缺损修复中的作用。结果spdlscs - exo显著促进缺损区新骨形成和胶原沉积，降低促炎因子，增强M2巨噬细胞极化。信号蛋白4D （SEMA4D）或丛蛋白B1 （PLXNB1）的下调进一步增强了外泌体介导的修复，而它们的过表达则减弱了外泌体介导的修复。此外，PLXNB1的上调逆转了SEMA4D下调对牙周炎牙槽骨缺损的修复作用。结论spdlscs - exo通过抑制SEMA4D/PLXNB1轴促进M2巨噬细胞极化，减轻局部炎症，加速牙周炎牙槽骨缺损修复。这一发现为牙周炎相关牙槽骨缺损的临床治疗提供了新的理论依据，并为提高骨缺损修复的疗效确定了潜在的治疗靶点。杨颖，张超。牙周韧带干细胞源性外泌体通过调节SEMA4D/PLXNB1轴介导M2巨噬细胞极化促进牙周炎患者牙槽骨缺损修复。中国生物医学工程学报（英文版）；2009;01。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2026.100712。

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来源期刊

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Electronic Journal of Biotechnology is an international scientific electronic journal, which publishes papers from all areas related to Biotechnology. It covers from molecular biology and the chemistry of biological processes to aquatic and earth environmental aspects, computational applications, policy and ethical issues directly related to Biotechnology. The journal provides an effective way to publish research and review articles and short communications, video material, animation sequences and 3D are also accepted to support and enhance articles. The articles will be examined by a scientific committee and anonymous evaluators and published every two months in HTML and PDF formats (January 15th , March 15th, May 15th, July 15th, September 15th, November 15th). The following areas are covered in the Journal: • Animal Biotechnology • Biofilms • Bioinformatics • Biomedicine • Biopolicies of International Cooperation • Biosafety • Biotechnology Industry • Biotechnology of Human Disorders • Chemical Engineering • Environmental Biotechnology • Food Biotechnology • Marine Biotechnology • Microbial Biotechnology • Molecular Biology and Genetics •Nanobiotechnology • Omics • Plant Biotechnology • Process Biotechnology • Process Chemistry and Technology • Tissue Engineering