Peculiarities of the structure of low stable states of water and aqueous solutions

Abstract

The physical concept of structural and phase states of water and aqueous solutions low-stable to external impacts is presented. The concept allows one to understand physics of various effects observed in water and super-highly diluted aqueous solutions. In particular, the approach allows one to estimate the effect of mechanical action (stirring) on these solutions in Epstein’s effect. An analysis of thermodynamic and phase low-stable states of a physical system allows the adequate mechanism of system transition to a new structure-phase state to be proposed under a weak external impact. In this case, in spite of the fact that the external impact is weak, it can lead to considerable structure phase changes of the system state, since the structural units in the initial and final states, though close thermodynamically, can differ significantly in symmetry. Physical reasons for weak reproducibility of the results of investigations of the characteristics of water and aqueous solution structure at ultra-high dilution are discussed together with the importance of the small external effect for the transition to a new structure-phase state.