Beyond the norm: Exploring the diverse facets of adrenal lesions.

Abstract

Radiological diagnosis of adrenal lesions can be challenging due to the overlap between benign and malignant imaging features. The primary challenge in managing adrenal lesions is to accurately identify and characterize them to minimize unnecessary diagnostic examinations and interventions. However, there are substantial risks of underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of typical, atypical, and overlapping imaging features of both common and rare adrenal lesions and explores emerging applications of artificial intelligence powered analysis of CT and MRI, which could play a pivotal role in distinguishing benign from malignant and functioning from non-functioning adrenal lesions with significant diagnostic accuracy, thereby enhancing diagnostic confidence and potentially reducing unnecessary interventions.