Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage, intentions, and associated factors among university students in Ho Chi Minh City: A cross-sectional, online survey

Abstract

Aim

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its strong association with cervical and other cancers. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, HPV vaccination coverage remains low among university students in Vietnam. This study assesses the vaccination coverage, intentions, and associated factors among university students in Ho Chi Minh City.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 811 university students from health-related and non-health-related fields. Data were collected through an online survey that assessed demographic characteristics, HPV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors influencing HPV vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate.

Results

Among participants, 64.9% had not received any HPV vaccine doses, while 26.6% had completed the vaccination schedule. Students in health-related fields were 1.6 times more likely to be fully vaccinated. Only 22.8% of students had adequate knowledge, and 33.2% had a positive attitude toward vaccination. Key barriers included high vaccine costs (33%), lack of information on vaccination sites (10%), and concerns about side effects (10%). Female students, those with a positive attitude, and those with vaccinated family members were more likely to be vaccinated.

Conclusions

HPV vaccination coverage among university students remains suboptimal. Targeted public health strategies, including financial support, education, and improved access, are essential to increasing vaccine uptake and addressing persistent barriers.